A proof of concept of the Neonatal Care line and every page it links to, built from our page drafts on the service line, facility and health library templates, with placeholder photos, doctors, locations and articles. It uses no built components and implies no build date. Medical copy is a draft for clinical review.
Every page has one owner. A page another team owns appears here because this line links to it, and changes to it go to that team.
Orlando Health cares for newborns from the first minutes after birth: in the delivery room, in the nursery, in our NICUs when a baby needs extra care, and in follow-up visits after you go home.
Template module · Written copy. The page name, then the hero description field, one paragraph of 40 to 380 characters that is the only part a visitor arriving from search is guaranteed to see. ⭐ Ours, rewritten 2026-10-20 for every new parent (193 characters): the line is five settings, so the hero names them in the order a family meets them, plainly. ⛔ Walking on glass: NICU parents recoil from anything sweet or sappy, and parents of full-term babies are frightened by NICU detail, so the hero states facts, carries no warmth words and no severity words, and names the NICU as one setting among five. Their paragraph 4, which described intensive care, now opens the NICU section in module 3, carried as before. The owner stays Orlando Health: the neonatologists are Women's Institute physicians and the Development Clinic and ECMO belong to Orlando Health Children's, so a page owned by either institute hides the other half. In the copy, the paragraph under the heading is ours. The buttons are the page's own: Plan Your Birth With Us and Find a Pediatrician; nobody plans a NICU stay.
Keep the designer's text card and put each team's own lockup (Air Care, Winnie Palmer Hospital, Women's Institute, Orlando Health Children's) in its logo slot. Add a photo band only when every team on the page has a real photo of its own people or place.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
Most newborns spend their first days in the nursery and go home with their mother. Some need extra care in a NICU for a while. Neonatal care covers all of it:
Template module · Written copy. On most lines this explains what the specialty covers. ⭐ Rewritten 2026-10-20 so the page opens on every newborn. It now begins with ours, Care for Every Newborn: the five settings in the order a family meets them, then the healthy-newborn paragraph (moved up from the end of the module, where it read as an afterthought). Then theirs, under their own heading Critical Care for Newborns: their paragraph 4 (moved here from the hero), then 5 and 6 to 14, carried. Four corrections in paragraph 5: the owner, as in the hero; the Level II units are at three hospitals in Central Florida (Lakeland, Clermont and Lake Mary), so across the state of Florida is narrowed to what is true; world-class care offered by becomes care from; and the national ranking sentence leaves the body copy, because the recognition band in module 16 renders it. Then one paragraph of ours, under its own heading, Care for a Healthy Newborn, because the line covers five settings and the NICU is two of them: a mother whose baby has jaundice or a birth bruise is on this line too, and their copy had no sentence for her.
Whose paragraphs are whose. In the copy, everything under Care for Every Newborn is ours. Everything under Critical Care for Newborns is their copywriters': their paragraph 4 (corrected), their paragraph 5 (corrected), and the intro and list of their paragraphs 6 to 14.
⛔ Walking on glass: Care for Every Newborn is the first thing a parent of a healthy full-term baby reads, so it opens on the nursery and going home, names the NICU as one setting with no severity words, and keeps resuscitation, the earliest babies and the sickest babies for the NICU section below, where the NICU parent has already chosen to read. No warmth words anywhere: NICU parents recoil from them.
When a newborn needs extra care in the first days, weeks or months of life, Orlando Health has a network of NICUs and caregivers who are experts in newborn care. Your baby can see specialists from more than 40 children's specialties, with the highest level of care at the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Babies come to the NICU for many reasons, some known before birth and some found at birth: being born early or small, trouble breathing, keeping warm or feeding, an infection, a birth defect, or a condition in the mother such as diabetes or preeclampsia.
Library module · A written block, moved out of module 2 on 2026-10-24 so each module holds the five paragraphs a written block takes (style guide §11.7). ⭐ Their copywriters' paragraphs 4 to 14, the words unchanged. Their eight-item list of reasons becomes two sentences in their own words, because a written block holds five paragraphs or list items; the closing line of ours under it ("The conditions below cover both...") leaves the page, since the tabs below say the same by showing them.
Template module · Fills itself. A map and a list of every Orlando Health NICU with its level, its hospital, its phone number and its distance, each linking to that hospital's NICU page. ⭐ This is the module the page exists for. Three of the four units are not open yet. An opening state is a field on the location record, so a unit reads "Opening November 2026" today and switches on the day without anyone touching the page. Lake Mary shows the season only, never a date.
⭐ The NICU location records do not exist yet, so their content is owed, and their paragraphs 25 to 34 supply it. Written once, here, on the records. The map itself is their line 26, embedded map on page.
⭐ The 4.0 swap. On the line page this map is to find doctors rather than locations. The records it would need, each neonatologist tied to the units where they practice, are not there for 3.1 (the NICU location records themselves are still owed), so for 3.1 this module stays the location map, and at 4.0 it swaps to the doctor map.
| Record | Level | Address, as they wrote it | Phone, as they wrote it | Opening state |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies | Level IV NICU | 83 West Miller Street, Orlando, FL 32806 | (321) 841-5274 | Open |
| Orlando Health Watson Clinic Lakeland Highlands Hospital Center for Women and Babies | Level II NICU | 4000 Lakeland Highlands Rd, Lakeland, FL 33812 | (863) 226-0800 | Opening November 2026, added; their copy gave no state for this unit. Lakeland Highland corrected to Lakeland Highlands, the hospital's name |
| Orlando Health South Lake Hospital Center for Women and Babies | Level II NICU | 1900 Don Wickham Dr, Clermont, FL 34711 | (352) 394-4071 | Opening in early 2027, as they wrote it |
| Orlando Health Lake Mary Hospital Center for Women and Babies | Level II NICU | 380 Rinehart Rd, Lake Mary, FL 32746 | (407) 767-1200 | Opening summer 2027, as they wrote it |
Orlando Health neonatal intensive care units offer a wide range of life-saving procedures and around-the-clock care for newborns who need extra attention. Our family-centered care model focuses both on your baby and your family as a whole.
This holistic approach seeks to involve you in your baby's care, while considering your unique needs and preferences. Through Kangaroo Care, for example, we ensure that you are able to touch and hold your baby, with skin-to-skin contact, to increase your bonding.
Template module · Written copy, for what the care actually feels like. ⭐ Their paragraphs 16 to 24, carried whole, under their own phrase as the heading. One correction in paragraph 16, the owner. Nothing else in the block is changed.
Whose paragraphs are whose. In the copy, every paragraph is their copywriters': their paragraphs 16 to 18 (the first paragraph is 16, corrected) and 19 to 24 (the list, whose Tiny Baby line, paragraph 20, is edited as above). Nothing in this module is ours.
Everything about the NICU is designed to comfort your baby and family: soft light and low sound for sleep, toys and books, a family area with a kitchenette, and a place for you at daily rounds with your baby's specialists. Among other services:
Library module · A written block, moved out of module 5 on 2026-10-24, because an image and text block holds 600 characters (style guide §11.8) and module 5 held 1,871. ⭐ Their copywriters' paragraphs 18 to 24, the words unchanged: their paragraph on parent education moves here from the first block, "Among other services:" joins the paragraph before it, and the two list items on the teams the NICU works with (Arnold Palmer, then maternal-fetal medicine and fetal care) join as one, so the block holds five. The heading is ours.
A Level II NICU cares for babies born a little early or needing help with breathing, feeding, warmth and monitoring, close to home. A Level IV NICU is the highest level there is, for the earliest, smallest and most seriously ill newborns, with surgery and the most advanced life support.
Template module · Written copy, a headline and a short paragraph making the line's strongest true claim. ⭐ Ours, a fill. Their copy names Level IV and Level II and never says what the levels mean or how they connect, and almost no parent arrives knowing. The claim is the connection between the levels, which is what makes a Level II unit near home a good place for a baby rather than a lesser one. No superlative, no outcome promise. The transport team itself is already in their words in module 6 and is not repeated here. Both paragraphs in the copy are ours; none are their copywriters'.
You do not have to work out which level your baby needs. Most babies who need extra help are cared for in a Level II NICU near where their family lives, and staying close matters when you are recovering yourself and visiting every day.
If your baby needs more, the team arranges the move to the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer, your baby's records, images and care plan travel too, and the unit is ready before the doors open. It is one system, and the level your baby needs is the level your baby gets.
Library module · A written block, moved out of module 7 on 2026-10-24 so the value proposition block holds its 600 characters (style guide §11.8). Ours, the second paragraph of the levels claim, the words unchanged and split in two at its turn so each paragraph is under 80 words (§11.7). The heading is ours.
When a pregnancy is high-risk, our maternal-fetal medicine and fetal care teams plan the birth with the NICU team, so the care your baby needs is in place when your baby arrives.
Ask About High-Risk CareLibrary module · The feature accordion, the marketer's playground: rows the service line's marketing team chooses to feature about how they market this line, each a headline (35 characters), a short paragraph (350), a 5:4 photo and zero, one or two buttons. ⭐ The first row is ours: planning a high-risk birth, the one real choice in this line, since nobody chooses a NICU and a family with a high-risk pregnancy does choose where to give birth. It rests on their paragraph 22 (the NICU works with the Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine and the Fetal Care Center from prenatal diagnosis through delivery), which stays in module 6 as their copy. Image brief: a care team with an expecting couple, calm, no equipment in the foreground.
Prompts for the service line marketer, invented and never to ship as written: a NICU tour for families expecting an early birth · breastfeeding classes before the birth · the NICU transport team's reach across Central Florida · a NICU parent support group · a new Level II NICU opening near home, dated so it comes off.
Template module · Fills itself. ⭐ Their paragraphs 35 and 36, exactly: the doctor finder, filtered to neonatology, with the hospital each physician practices at shown on the row. Nothing is supplied. ⭐ Above the care teams on this line (2026-10-02): a parent wants the neonatologist first. It shows employed physicians by default, with filters; physicians who are not employed stay in the global Find a Doctor (2026-10-02).
Brings newborns from other hospitals to the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Learn MoreCare for women across Central Florida, from a first exam in adolescence through pregnancy, menopause and beyond.
Learn MoreCare for children across Central Florida in one connected network, from everyday checkups to intensive care and surgery.
Learn MoreThe helicopter team that brings critical care to the scene or a hospital and flies the patient where the care is.
Learn MoreTemplate module · Fills itself from the care team records, a card for each team relevant to this line. ⭐ The card heading is the location, in bold, with the team name under it (Daniel, 2026-10-07). ⭐ The card wording is the hero description on each team's record, written once on that team's page spec and never repeated here. Every card takes both buttons, Visit This Team and See Their Doctors. A team renders here because it is relevant to a NICU family, whichever line writes its page.
What renders on this line: NICU Transport Team · Fetal Care Center · Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine · Orlando Health Women's Institute · Orlando Health Children's · Air Care Team. ⭐ Orlando Health Children's takes the institute card in place of the Children's Heart Institute: the Women's Institute card is already here, so the children's institute card appears beside it and neither institute owns the page; the heart specialists are reached through the Children's Heart line in module 12. The transport line for referring hospitals is a field on the transport team's record and renders on its card. ⭐ 2026-10-28, the page-type ladder: the NICU Development Clinic is a program now and renders in the Programs set; the Breastfeeding Education Center is a section of the lactation support page.
The maternal-fetal medicine and fetal care teams who cared for you in pregnancy hand that care to the NICU.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthYour pediatrician leads care after the hospital, and our pediatric specialists join the NICU team when a baby needs them.
Learn More About PediatricsOur pediatric heart doctors care for a newborn's heart condition in the NICU and in the years after.
Learn More About Children's HeartAfter a hard birth, a bleed or a seizure, our pediatric neurologists read the brain monitoring with the NICU team.
Learn More About Children's NeuroscienceTemplate module · The tabs module, as on every service line page: Services, Conditions and Treatments, each a grid of cards. ⭐ Services holds one card per related service line, each a line on the master sitemap, from this line's related lines record (oh_neonatal_related_service_lines.md, the service line site build wizard §0b), with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care. Rebuilt 2026-10-24: the master holds the pediatric specialties as specialist types under the Pediatrics line, so the six specialty cards of 2026-10-20 become four line cards, and the Pediatrics card names the specialists in its sentence. Conditions and Treatments fill themselves from the health library: the six a newborn's parent meets most, then Browse All.
Stays with your baby after the NICU, checking growth and development at set points through the first years.
Learn More About NICU Development ClinicIf you have more breast milk than your baby needs, you can donate it at an Orlando Health milk depot. A nonprofit milk bank...
Learn More About Milk DepotA program at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies for the earliest-born babies, from 22 weeks of...
Learn More About Tiny Baby CollaborativeSpecialists for a pregnancy that needs more: a condition in the mother, a diagnosis in the baby, or a history to watch.
Learn More About Center for Maternal-Fetal MedicineFor a baby whose condition is found before birth: one team diagnoses it, treats it where that helps, and plans the birth.
Learn More About Fetal Care CenterPrenatal and postpartum care that comes to you: a mobile clinic, visits by video and doula support.
Learn More About Center for Maternal HealthA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half...
Learn More About Newborn JaundiceA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornTreatment with a special blue light that lowers the bilirubin causing your baby's jaundice. Your baby lies under or on the...
Learn More About Phototherapy, NewbornHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesYes. You are welcome at your baby's bedside, and parents are part of the care team. Each unit has its own guidance on other family members and on keeping the unit safe from infection, and it is on that hospital's page.
No. A Level II unit is the right place for most babies who need extra help, and the team there is watching for anything that would call for more. If that happens, they arrange the move, you do not have to ask for it, and the transport team brings your baby to the Level IV unit with the records and care plan already there.
In almost every case, yes, and it is encouraged. Lactation consultants work in the NICU to help you express milk from the first days, and when your baby is ready to feed they help with that too. If your own milk is not yet enough, ask your baby's team about donated human milk.
Babies born as early as 22 weeks are cared for at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer, in a program built for the smallest and earliest babies. What a particular baby faces depends on far more than the week, and the neonatologist caring for your baby is the person who can talk that through with you.
Babies who needed NICU care are more likely to need a little help with growth or development in the first years, so the relationship does not end at discharge. The NICU Development Clinic sees your baby at set points, watches for anything that needs attention and steps in early. Your own pediatrician looks after your baby's everyday care throughout.
Some of what a NICU does is uncomfortable, and the team treats that seriously. Pain is watched for and managed, the team eases it before and during procedures, and tells you what to expect.
Template module · Written copy. ⭐ Ours, a fill; their copy has no questions block. The block answers entry questions about NICU care as a whole. Anything about one building, its visiting rules, its parking or its phone number, belongs on that hospital's NICU page.
Template modules · Both fill themselves, from the content hub and the resource files, filtered to this line. The resources on this line are for the family going home: feeding, safe sleep, follow-up and when to call. Nothing in them repeats an answer the questions block already gives.
Template module · Fills itself, one band, below the people. ⭐ This line has real proof and it belongs on the page. What the band renders: what the awards record holds, the U.S. News and World Report ranking in Neonatology, in their copy's words. ⛔ The Level IV designation is a fact used in modules 2 and 5, never a trophy in this band.
At Orlando Health, a team of experts cares for you through pregnancy, birth and the weeks after. We work alongside you so you and your baby get excellent care, and every choice that is yours to make, from your birth plan to your hospital, stays yours.
Template module · Written copy. The page name, then the hero description field, one paragraph of 40 to 380 characters that is the only part a visitor arriving from search is guaranteed to see. ⭐ The owner is Orlando Health rather than the Women's Institute, because Bayfront delivers babies outside the Institute.
Keep the designer's text card and put each team's own lockup (Air Care, Winnie Palmer Hospital, Women's Institute, Orlando Health Children's) in its logo slot. Add a photo band only when every team on the page has a real photo of its own people or place.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
Pregnancy and childbirth can be among the most exciting and demanding times of your life. Our team cares for you and your baby from before you conceive until after you are home, with care that is expert, compassionate and planned around you.
You can give birth close to home. Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies, on the downtown Orlando campus, cares for high-risk pregnancies and newborns who need intensive care. Labor and delivery and newborn care are also offered at Orlando Health South Lake Hospital Center for Women and Babies in Clermont, Orlando Health Lake Mary Hospital Center for Women and Babies and Orlando Health Watson Clinic Lakeland Highlands Hospital.
Some pregnancies need more. A pregnancy is called high risk when there is a condition in the mother, such as diabetes, high blood pressure or a placenta that has attached too deeply, or in the baby, found before birth. For those, the specialists of the Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine join your care, and in the rare cases where a baby needs treatment before birth, the Fetal Care Center provides it. You do not have to know in advance which kind of pregnancy you are having. The care moves with you, and when a high-risk pregnancy means time in hospital, Orlando Health Winnie Palmer has two units built for it.
The Antepartum Special Care Unit is a 35-bed unit for mothers who need to stay in the hospital during a high-risk pregnancy. Its nurses care for your physical and emotional needs alike while you wait for your baby.
The Women's Intensive Care Unit cares for mothers with complications who need intensive care around the clock, before delivery, right after it, or both.
Template module · Written copy. What this line covers, start to finish. ⭐ The care from before pregnancy to after birth, the four birthing hospitals, then the high-risk half: what high risk means, who joins the care, and the two units at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer built for it.
Fills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself. A map and a list of every hospital where Orlando Health delivers babies, each with the level of newborn care in the building and a link to that hospital's labor and delivery page for the tour, the preregistration and what is specific to that building. ⭐ This is the module the page exists for. The list of birthing hospitals is written on the location records and nowhere else, so this page and every hospital page agree. Four cards are the four Institute hospitals; whether Bayfront's Orlando Health labor and delivery unit renders as a fifth is a record question and is open.
If your baby needs a higher level of care, the team of the Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer is ready. Our neonatal transport team is on call day and night for babies born at any of our hospitals, and brings your baby to the downtown Orlando campus in a specially equipped ambulance, or by Orlando Health Air Care helicopter when distance matters.
Your baby's records, images and care plan travel too, so the unit is ready before your baby arrives.
Template module · Written copy, a headline and a short paragraph making the line's strongest true claim. ⭐ The transport is stated as the neonatal transport page states it: the transport team is the crew, the Mobile NICU is its ambulance, and the helicopter is Orlando Health Air Care. The last sentence is there so a reader at a Level II hospital hears continuity rather than a limit.
Template module · Written copy, for what the care actually feels like. ⭐ Nine amenities Orlando Health publishes as true of every birthing hospital, so they belong on the line; anything true of one building only stays on that building's page.
Fills itself from this line's care team records.
Template module · Fills itself from the care team records, a card for each team relevant to this line. ⭐ The card wording is the hero description on each team's record, written once on that team's page spec and never repeated here. Every card takes both buttons, Visit This Team and See Their Doctors.
What renders on this line, in this order: Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology · Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine · Fetal Care Center · Center for Maternal Health · Breastfeeding Education Center · Orlando Health Physician Associates · Orlando Health Women's Institute, last, as the front door for a reader who does not know which centre she needs. The Institute renders on this page and never owns it in copy, because Bayfront and Physician Associates deliver babies outside it. The Center for Maternal Health card links to its three programs on its own page. ⭐ The milk depot program record holds their O6 blurb, corrected: Orlando Health Women's Institute Milk Depots serve as drop-off locations where women can donate their extra breast milk.
Fills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself. ⭐ Their heading, O5. The doctor finder, filtered to obstetrics and gynecology and maternal-fetal medicine, with certified nurse midwives included, and with search by location, name and gender. Nothing is supplied. On this line the gender filter matters to many readers and renders prominently.
Fills itself from this line's records on the live site.
Template module · Fills itself from the health library, every condition of pregnancy, each linking to its own page. Nothing is supplied.
Fills itself from this line's records on the live site.
Template module · Fills itself from the health library: prenatal care and screening, the birth itself, the fetal procedures, postpartum care. Nothing is supplied.
As soon as you know you are pregnant. The first visit is usually around eight weeks, and it confirms the pregnancy, dates it, and starts the screening. If you have a condition already, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, call sooner, because the plan for those starts early.
Both deliver babies here, and both are part of the same team. A certified nurse midwife cares for healthy pregnancies and births, with an obstetrician alongside if anything changes. An obstetrician is a physician who also manages complications and performs cesareans. Many women see both across a pregnancy. The choice is yours, and it is not fixed.
Every hospital where we deliver babies has an obstetric team at every hour and a nursery for a healthy baby, and every one is connected to the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer if a baby needs more. What differs is the building: the rooms, the tour, the distance from home, and the level of NICU on site. Each hospital's page tells you those things, and the tour tells you the rest.
Often, and not always. While you are in one of our hospitals, our OB-GYN hospitalists work alongside your own OB-GYN and care for you at the bedside. That is how every birthing hospital keeps a board-certified obstetrician in the building around the clock, working from your record and your birth plan. Who will deliver your baby is a good question to ask your own doctor early.
Both are yours to choose, and both are written into your birth plan with your obstetrician or midwife. The plan is a starting point rather than a contract, and the team will tell you straight if something during labor changes what is safe.
Yes. A doula supports you through pregnancy and birth without providing medical care, and you can bring your own to any of our hospitals. Orlando Health also runs a doula program through the Center for Maternal Health, currently for births at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer.
Pregnancy loss is far more common than most people know, and it is treated here as what it is, a loss. You will be cared for physically, told plainly what happened and what it means for a future pregnancy, and offered support for the grief. If you have had more than one loss, maternal-fetal medicine can look for a reason and a plan.
Template module · Written copy. ⭐ The block answers entry questions about pregnancy care as a whole. Anything about one hospital, its tour, its rooms, its visiting rules, belongs on that hospital's page. The last question is R4 plus R5.
Fills itself from the records on the live site.
Template module · Fills itself from the service line registry. ⭐ On this line the first card is Neonatal Care, because it is where this line hands off, and the second is Women's Health, where the reader's care continues after the year is up. Their O3 already links both. Fertility care follows, for the reader who is here before she is pregnant.
Template modules · Both fill themselves, filtered to this line. The resources are what a reader downloads before the birth: the preregistration, what to pack, the birth plan template, classes.
Template module · Fills itself, one band, below the people. ⭐ This line has real proof, and most of it is in their own published words. What the band renders: ANCC Magnet Recognition for Nursing Excellence at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer, from the retired page (S4, proud have corrected to proud to have on the record); nursing certifications in high-risk obstetrics, critical care and fetal monitoring (S5); more than 14,000 babies welcomed each year (A2); accreditation by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine for fetal anatomy screening and fetal echocardiography; the first facility in the Southeast United States to repair spina bifida in the womb; a center of excellence for placenta accreta. The Level IV NICU's own recognitions render on the neonatal line and not here.
At Orlando Health, we know every woman's health needs are her own. Our physicians are trained and specialized in women's health, and they care for the concerns you bring, from well-woman care to menopause and everything in between.
Template module · Written copy. The page name, then the hero description field, one paragraph of 40 to 380 characters that is the only part a visitor arriving from search is guaranteed to see.
Keep the designer's text card and put each team's own lockup (Air Care, Winnie Palmer Hospital, Women's Institute, Orlando Health Children's) in its logo slot. Add a photo band only when every team on the page has a real photo of its own people or place.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
Our physicians care for women's health at every age, including:
The pelvic floor is a group of muscles, ligaments and connective tissue that supports the bladder, uterus, vagina and rectum. When it weakens, those organs can stop working as they should, and it can keep you from the life you want. The most common problems are urinary incontinence, which is leaking urine, and pelvic organ prolapse, when a pelvic organ drops out of place.
It can be hard to talk about, and there is nothing to be embarrassed about. One in four women over 20 has at least one pelvic floor disorder, from causes that include pregnancy, constipation, heavy lifting and aging.
This line also covers contraception and family planning, from the pill and the implant to an IUD or a tubal ligation, and it covers care for teenagers, whose first visit is usually a conversation rather than an exam. A great deal of what brings women here has been called normal by somebody. Flooding through a pad in an hour, pain that keeps you home, bleeding after menopause, leaking when you laugh: each of these has a name, and most have more than one treatment. The first job is to find out which, and that starts with being heard. Pregnancy and birth has its own page, and your gynecologist is very often the same physician who cares for you through it.
Template module · Written copy. What this line covers, and the one thing a reader most often has wrong about it. ⭐ The gynecology list, then the pelvic floor half, because a woman with a bulge she can feel has never been told on a gynecology page that this is gynecology. Then contraception, teenagers, and that the symptoms nobody else can see are conditions with names.
Many women arrive here having been told that what they feel is stress, or age, or just part of being a woman. The physicians on this line treat only women, and they know that the symptoms nobody else can see are real. You will be asked what is happening in your own words and believed when you say it. When treatment is needed, you will be given the real range, from medication to procedures done in the office to surgery, and where surgery is the answer the surgeon works through the smallest openings the operation allows, with your uterus and your fertility kept wherever they can be. A second opinion is welcome, including on a hysterectomy somebody else has recommended.
Template module · Written copy, a headline and a short paragraph making the line's strongest true claim. ⭐ The published pages say the care is expert and complete; neither says the thing this reader is checking for, which is whether she will be believed. R5: frank, and the second-opinion line stays.
Our specialists use advanced technology to diagnose and treat the full range of pelvic floor disorders. Our board-certified physicians build a treatment plan around you, from education and physical therapy to minimally invasive robotic surgery. The aim is always the right treatment for your diagnosis.
A first visit is a conversation before it is an exam. You will be asked about your cycle, your symptoms, your history and what you want, and the exam that follows is explained before it happens and stops if you say so. Much of what used to mean a hospital can now be done in the office in a single visit: a colposcopy, a biopsy of the uterine lining, a look inside the uterus with a small camera, an IUD or an implant placed or removed. If you need surgery, most of it happens through a few small incisions, often with a robot guiding the instruments, and you go home the same day or the next.
Template module · Written copy, for what the care actually feels like. ⭐ How a diagnosis becomes a plan, said of the whole line because every center here works this way. Then the office visit, and what has moved out of the hospital.
Our OB-GYN practices offer the full range of well-woman gynecology and obstetric care. For more complex problems, from advanced gynecology to pelvic floor conditions, our specialist teams offer education, therapy, medication and minimally invasive surgery.
Template module · Fills itself from the care team records, a card for each team relevant to this line. ⭐ The card wording is the hero description on each team's record, written once on that team's page spec and never repeated here. Every card takes both buttons, Visit This Team and See Their Doctors. ⭐ One short paragraph of copy says why the cards below are a practice and then specialist centers.
What renders on this line, in this order: Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology · Center for Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery · Center for Urogynecology · Orlando Health Physician Associates · Orlando Health Women's Institute, last, as the front door for a reader who does not know which center she needs.
Fills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself. ⭐ Their heading, G5. The doctor finder, filtered to gynecology, obstetrics and gynecology, and urogynecology, with search by location, name and gender. Nothing is supplied.
Fills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself. ⭐ Their heading, G5. A map and a list of every place this line is delivered, offices and the Women's Pavilion at Winter Park among them, each linking to that building's page. Nothing is supplied. ⭐ Seven hospitals publish a women's care or gynecologic surgery page under their own tree today: Dr. P. Phillips, Horizon West (two pages), Melbourne, Sebastian River, Watson Clinic Lakeland Highlands and Wiregrass Ranch. None describes a unit, so none earns a page beneath its hospital; each migrates up to this line and the hospital becomes a location on it.
Fills itself from this line's records on the live site.
Template module · Fills itself from the health library. The published specialty links and pelvic floor conditions are the conditions this grid links to, each on the gap list until written. Nothing is supplied.
Fills itself from this line's records on the live site.
Template module · Fills itself from the health library: the office procedures, contraception, the surgeries. The published pelvic floor treatments are treatment pages this grid links to. Nothing is supplied.
If it has changed, if it hurts, if it is heavier than it was, if it leaks, or if it worries you, that is reason enough to be seen. Nobody here will think you are overreacting. The point of the visit is to find out, and finding out that it is nothing is a good outcome.
Because heavy bleeding, pelvic pain and the symptoms of perimenopause are conditions with names and treatments, and the physicians on this line specialize in them. Bring what you have already been told. It is information, and it is not the end of the conversation.
See a urogynecologist if you have trouble urinating, leak urine or stool, or notice a bulge or something coming out of your vagina. Other signs include pain during sex, lower back pain and irregular spotting or bleeding. If you have changed how you live to work around bladder or bowel problems, that is reason enough too. Pelvic floor disorders are not something you have to live with.
Problems below the waist, like leaking or a vaginal bulge, can be hard to bring up. Your doctor talks about them every day, because one in four women has one. Say what is happening as plainly as you can: a clear account is how you get an accurate diagnosis and the right treatment.
It depends on your insurance rather than on us. Many plans let you book directly with a gynecologist. Call the office and they will tell you what your plan requires.
Yes. Use the gender filter in the doctor finder above, and say what you prefer when you book.
Often not. Pelvic floor disorders are often treated with changes to daily habits, medicine, exercises and physical therapy, and some cases of incontinence or prolapse need surgery. If yours does, the team looks at every option and offers the least invasive one that treats your diagnosis. The same is true of fibroids, heavy bleeding and endometriosis, which all have treatments that keep the uterus, from medication to procedures that remove only the fibroids or seal the lining. If a hysterectomy has been recommended and you want another view, ask for one here.
For most women in their forties and fifties with symptoms, current evidence says yes, and the physicians here will discuss it with you seriously rather than dismiss it. The answer depends on your own history, and the conversation is one you are entitled to have.
Template module · Written copy. ⭐ Eight questions, three of them answered on today's Center for Urogynecology page. The block answers entry questions about women's health care as a whole. Questions about one practice, one building or one condition belong on those pages.
Fills itself from the records on the live site.
Template module · Fills itself from the service line registry. ⭐ On this line the first card is Pregnancy and Birth, because the same physician cares for a woman through both. Then the lines this one hands to, which their A4 names: Mammography and breast care, Gynecologic Cancer, and then Fertility and Reconstructive Surgery.
Template modules · Both fill themselves, filtered to this line. ⭐ On this line the content hub matters more than on most, because the highest-volume questions on this subject are asked of a search engine and never of a person, and an article that answers one plainly is the way a reader arrives. Their institute page already surfaces three such articles.
Template module · Fills itself, one band, below the people. What the band renders: Magnet Recognition for Nursing Excellence at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer, where much of this line's surgery takes place. The urogynecologists' board certification in urogynecology and reconstructive pelvic surgery is on their center's card and page, where a reader uses it, and does not repeat here.
Template module · Fills itself from the unit's location record: the unit's level and name as the page heading, level first (Kim, 2026-10-21: the level goes in the title, as the clearest NICU pages in the peer scan show it, reference/neonatal/oh_nicu_peer_ia_scan_2026_10_21.md; the template composes it from the record's level field and unit name, so the record's name stays the unit name), "at" and the hospital name beneath it, the address, the unit's phone number, Click for Directions and Click to Call, over a photograph of the unit. ⭐ The unit's own phone number is a field on this record. The level and the bed count are fields on the record too, for the map card and for search.
The unit phone is the one the live NICU team and transport pages publish, (407) 841-5218; the corporate NICU copy gives (321) 841-5274 (filled 2026-10-29: Kim, "nothing represented for a service line for any of our demos should be without copy").
Keep the designer's text card and put each team's own lockup (Air Care, Winnie Palmer Hospital, Women's Institute, Orlando Health Children's) in its logo slot. Add a photo band only when every team on the page has a real photo of its own people or place.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
Template module · Written copy, one sentence, centered under the hero. On an emergency room page it is the safety line. ⭐ On a NICU page it is the reassurance a parent needs before anything else: that she is not a visitor, and that the unit is reachable at night. Both facts are this unit's own, from its visiting page.
Template module · Fills itself from the headings below, one icon each. Nothing is supplied.
You are not a visitor. You can be with your baby around the clock, every day. Other visitors need to be eighteen or older, and the team will talk with you about who else can come and when.
Before you come to the bedside, take off rings, bracelets and watches, and wash your hands; bags for jewelry are at the reception desk and sanitizer is everywhere in the unit. Ask anyone who comes to your baby's bedside to clean their hands first. It is always the right question.
While you are here, your phone is welcome, and there is a sanitizer at the desk for it. Free wireless internet runs throughout the hospital. The cafeteria is open through the night, and the front desk can point you to it. Light and sound in the unit are kept low to protect your baby's sleep, and there is a family area with a kitchenette where extended family can gather.
The unit is inside a hospital built for women and babies, so if you delivered here you are steps away, and if your baby was brought here from another hospital, the team that brought them is part of this unit.
Library module · Written copy, full width, with bold lead-ins for a scanning reader. ⭐ This is the module a NICU facility page exists for, and the reason it cannot live on the service line page: every unit has its own rules for being at the bedside, and a parent needs the rules for this one. The facts below are this unit's, from its own visiting page, and they are stated as they are.
Held out of the copy:
You are welcome on the daily rounds, when the team talks through your baby's care. You will be shown how to hold your baby skin to skin as soon as your baby is ready, and how to feed your baby when the time comes. Lactation consultants work in the unit.
When you go home at night, you can call at any hour, and someone will tell you how your baby is.
Library module · Written copy beside a photograph, used for the part of a NICU stay a parent shapes. The emergency room page uses this module for what happens when you arrive.
Template module · Fills itself: the map, with this unit's card, from the location record. Nothing is supplied. The way in is the hospital's main entrance, which the first question below says in words.
This is a Level IV neonatal intensive care unit, the highest level there is, with 142 beds, and it is the unit the other Orlando Health NICUs send a baby to when a baby needs more than they can give. Families come here from across Central Florida and beyond.
The earliest and most seriously ill babies are cared for here: babies born as early as 22 weeks, babies who need surgery in their first days, and babies whose hearts or lungs need the support of a heart and lung bypass machine, a treatment other hospitals send babies here to receive.
Library module, used a second time · Written copy beside a photograph. On the emergency room page this is what a Level One Trauma Center means for you. ⭐ Here it is what a Level IV NICU means for your baby, which is the reason this unit exists, and it is where ECMO, the heart and lung bypass support only this unit offers, is named; ECMO's own page is in the Treatments tab. On a unit with this much proof the temptation is to list it; the proof renders in the awards band, and this copy holds none of it.
Held out of the copy: the unit's history and volume, and the ECMO figures.
Two programs here reach past the bedside: one for the earliest-born babies, and one for the mothers who have milk to give.
A program at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies for the earliest-born babies, from 22 weeks of pregnancy. Neonatologists and maternal-fetal medicine specialists plan your baby's care with you, starting before the birth when there is time.
About the ProgramIf you have more breast milk than your baby needs, you can donate it at an Orlando Health milk depot. A nonprofit milk bank screens every donor and pasteurizes every batch, and the milk goes to premature and sick babies.
How to DonateLibrary module · One introduction paragraph, then an accordion of items, each with a photograph, a headline, a short paragraph and a button. The emergency room page uses it as What This Location Offers. ⭐ Here it holds the programs a NICU family can use at this hospital. Each item's paragraph is the card wording set on that program's own page, so it is written once and never drifts, and the button links to that page. Add an item when a program joins this hospital. The Milk Depot item renders from the hospital record's drop-off amenity, so it appears on every hospital that holds one.
Brings newborns from other hospitals to the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Learn MoreStays with your baby after the NICU, checking growth and development at set points through the first years.
Learn MoreLibrary module, from the service line template · Fills itself from the care team records, a card for each team that serves this unit, each linking to its own page. The card wording lives on each team's record and is the same wherever the card appears. Three serve this unit: the NICU Transport Team (/care-teams/nicu-transport-team), a care team; the NICU Development Clinic, a program since the page-type ladder's 2026-10-28 amendment (/programs/nicu-development-clinic); and the Breastfeeding Education Center, which the same amendment made a section of this page and of /health-library/treatments/lactation-support-newborn rather than a page of its own.
Library module, from the service line template · Fills itself. The doctor finder, filtered to neonatology at this hospital, with names, photographs and the hospital. ⛔ No online scheduling on this module: nobody books a neonatologist, because a baby is admitted and the neonatologist on the unit cares for the baby. Nineteen neonatologists practice here today. Nothing is supplied.
Template module · Fills itself: three articles tagged to neonatal care, with View All. Nothing is supplied.
Come in through the main entrance and ask at the front desk, or call the unit and someone will tell you the way. The map and directions are above.
You can be at your baby's bedside at every hour. Ask the team about what is available for parents who want to stay close through the night, and about family space in the unit.
Visitors to the unit need to be eighteen or older. Talk with the team about how your other children can be part of this; they will help you find a way.
The transport team brings your baby, and your baby's records come too. Come to the main entrance and call the unit when you arrive. If you are still an inpatient at the other hospital yourself, the team there and the team here will talk with you about when you can travel.
Yes. Lactation consultants in the unit will show you how to express and store milk, and how to get it to the unit. If your own milk is not yet enough, ask the team what the unit can offer.
Template module · Written copy. On a NICU facility page the block answers practical questions about this unit: reaching it, staying, and what is specific to this building. Questions about NICU care in general belong on the service line page.
This is the line's Level IV unit, where the sickest and smallest newborns in our network are cared for.
Learn More About Neonatal CareMany babies here were born in this hospital, and the pregnancy teams plan the birth with the NICU when they can.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthPediatric surgeons, lung, blood and other specialists come to the bedside here when a baby's care needs them.
Learn More About PediatricsChildren's heart doctors see newborns with a heart condition in this unit, before and after any surgery.
Learn More About Children's HeartTemplate module · Fills itself under the template's own heading, three tabs of cards, each card one sentence with a Learn More link, and Browse All under Conditions and Treatments. Nothing is written on this page: the card wording lives on each record.
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it...
Learn More About Congenital heart defectA condition of identical twins who share one placenta, where blood flows unevenly from one twin to the other. It is found...
Learn More About Twin-to-twin transfusion syndromeECMO is heart and lung support outside the body. A machine adds oxygen to a newborn's blood and returns it, so the lungs,...
Learn More About Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), NeonatalCooling therapy lowers a newborn's body temperature to a set level for three days to protect the brain after a lack of...
Learn More About Therapeutic Hypothermia (Cooling Therapy), NewbornA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalA gas the body makes on its own, given in a small measured amount through the ventilator to relax tight blood vessels in a...
Learn More About Inhaled Nitric Oxide TherapyA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between...
Learn More About Surfactant Replacement TherapyThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUTemplate module · Fills itself: up to four downloadable resources from this unit's record, each a title, one line and Download Resource. ⛔ No resource has been supplied for this unit, so the module renders nothing until one is. What a parent here would use, for when Orlando Health supplies the files: the unit's visiting guide, how to express and store breast milk, and a going home checklist.
Template module · Fills itself, a band of logos from the awards record for this hospital and unit. Nothing is supplied.
Template module · The same three cards on every page, Find a Doctor, MyChart and Virtual Visit. Nothing is supplied.
Template module · Fills itself from the unit's location record: the unit's level and name as the page heading, level first (Kim, 2026-10-21: the level goes in the title, as the clearest NICU pages in the peer scan show it, reference/neonatal/oh_nicu_peer_ia_scan_2026_10_21.md; the template composes it from the record's level field and unit name, so the record's name stays the unit name), "at" and the hospital name beneath it, the address, the phone number, Click for Directions and Click to Call, and the opening state. ⭐ The opening state is a field on this record. It reads "Opening November 2026" today and switches on the day without anyone touching the page. The unit phone is a field on the record; until the unit opens, the record lists the hospital number.
⛔ Still to gather for this record: the unit's own phone number once it opens, the number of beds, and the floor.
Keep the designer's text card and put each team's own lockup (Air Care, Winnie Palmer Hospital, Women's Institute, Orlando Health Children's) in its logo slot. Add a photo band only when every team on the page has a real photo of its own people or place.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
Template module · Written copy, one sentence, centered under the hero. On an emergency room page it is the safety line. ⭐ On a Level II NICU page it is the reassurance a parent needs first: that this unit is part of a network, with the Level IV behind it, and where a baby who needs more care goes and how. Kim, 2026-10-21: name the transfer at the top of the page, as the clearest Level II NICU pages in the peer scan do (reference/neonatal/oh_nicu_peer_ia_scan_2026_10_21.md). The facts are in What a Level II NICU Means for Your Baby, below.
Template module · Fills itself from the headings below, one icon each. Nothing is supplied.
Parents are part of the care team in every Orlando Health NICU, and you are welcome at your baby's bedside. You will be shown how to hold your baby skin to skin as soon as your baby is ready, and how to feed your baby when the time comes, with lactation support in the unit. When you go home at night, you can call and someone will tell you how your baby is.
Library module · Written copy, full width, in the place the emergency room page gives "when to go". Before anything else, a parent wants to know what being here will be like. ⛔ This unit's own rules for being at the bedside are not yet set, or not yet given to us. What is written below is what is true of every Orlando Health NICU, and the gaps are named so they are closed before opening. Nothing from the Winnie Palmer page is carried over as if it were true here.
⛔ Owed before opening, for this module: the unit's own visiting guidance, whether parents can be present at every hour, the age rule for other visitors, the hand hygiene and jewelry rules, whether there is family space in the unit, and what is available for a parent who wants to stay overnight.
Template module · Fills itself: the map, with this unit's card, from the location record. Nothing is supplied. The way in is the hospital's main entrance.
This is a Level II neonatal intensive care unit inside Orlando Health Watson Clinic Lakeland Highlands Hospital, where babies are already born. The NICU cares for babies born a little early or needing extra help getting started: support with breathing, feeding, keeping warm and monitoring, close to where your family lives.
This unit means a Polk County baby who needs this care stays close to home, and if your baby needs more than a Level II unit can give, the Level IV unit at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer in Orlando is part of the same system, and a transport team brings your baby there.
Library module · Written copy beside a photograph. On the emergency room page this is what a Level One Trauma Center means for you; here it is what a Level II NICU means for your baby: care close to home, and the connection to the Level IV. ⭐ This is the first new unit and the copy is written for a Polk County parent who has never had a NICU this close. The hospital opened in summer 2026 with labor and delivery in place, so babies are already born here; the NICU is being added to a running maternity unit.
Held out of the copy:
Brings newborns from other hospitals to the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Learn MoreLibrary module, from the service line template · Fills itself from the care team records, a card for each team that serves this unit, each linking to its own page. ⭐ A Level II unit has none of its own, so on this page the module renders the one card that matters most to its parent: the connection to the Level IV. That card is the NICU Transport Team record, which is set on the service line page and links to /care-teams/nicu-transport-team. The card is the second card field on that record: one lead clause naming Winnie Palmer as where the team brings the baby, then the wording from the team's own page.
No doctors show here until the unit's neonatologists are in the doctor finder.
Library module, from the service line template · Fills itself. The doctor finder, filtered to neonatology at this hospital. ⛔ Zero rows until the unit's neonatologists are in the physician finder. Until then the module renders nothing rather than a placeholder.
Template module · Fills itself: three articles tagged to neonatal care, with View All. Nothing is supplied.
The opening date shows at the top of this page. Babies are already delivered at this hospital, and a baby who needs intensive care is cared for by the Orlando Health NICU network, with the transport team bringing your baby to the right unit.
Come in through the main entrance and ask at the front desk, or call the hospital and someone will tell you the way. The map and directions are above.
The transport team brings your baby and the records go with them. The team here will talk with you about when you can travel, and the unit in Orlando will be expecting you.
Template module · Written copy. Practical questions about this unit. ⭐ The first question is the one every Polk County parent will ask, and it is the reason this page exists before the unit opens. The first answer is state-free: the opening state is a field on the hero record.
⛔ Two questions join this block once the record is complete: whether you can stay overnight, and where the unit is in the building.
This Level II unit cares for babies born a little early or needing extra help, close to home in Polk County.
Learn More About Neonatal CareBabies cared for here are born in this hospital, so the birth and the NICU are under one roof.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthYour pediatrician in Polk County takes over your baby's care when you leave this unit.
Learn More About PediatricsTemplate module · Fills itself under the template's own heading, three tabs of cards, each card one sentence with a Learn More link, and Browse All under Conditions and Treatments. Nothing is written on this page: the card wording lives on each record.
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half...
Learn More About Newborn JaundiceSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight...
Learn More About Growth falteringSepsis is a serious infection that has spread through a newborn's blood. It can start in the first days after birth or weeks...
Learn More About Late-Onset Neonatal SepsisCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyTreatment with a special blue light that lowers the bilirubin causing your baby's jaundice. Your baby lies under or on the...
Learn More About Phototherapy, NewbornHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUTemplate module · Fills itself: up to four downloadable resources from this unit's record. ⛔ None exists before the unit opens, so the module renders nothing until Orlando Health supplies one.
Template module · Fills itself, a band of logos from the awards record for this hospital and unit. Renders nothing until the record holds one.
Template module · The same three cards on every page, Find a Doctor, MyChart and Virtual Visit. Nothing is supplied.
Template module · Fills itself from the unit's location record: the unit's level and name as the page heading, level first (Kim, 2026-10-21: the level goes in the title, as the clearest NICU pages in the peer scan show it, reference/neonatal/oh_nicu_peer_ia_scan_2026_10_21.md; the template composes it from the record's level field and unit name, so the record's name stays the unit name), "at" and the hospital name beneath it, the address, the phone number, Click for Directions and Click to Call, and the opening state. ⭐ The opening state is a field on the record, and on this unit it reads "Opening early 2027". No month is published for this unit today, so the record lists the season the corporate copy gives. The unit phone is a field on the record; until the unit opens, the record lists the hospital number.
⛔ Still to gather for this record: the unit's own phone number, the number of beds, and the floor.
Keep the designer's text card and put each team's own lockup (Air Care, Winnie Palmer Hospital, Women's Institute, Orlando Health Children's) in its logo slot. Add a photo band only when every team on the page has a real photo of its own people or place.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
Template module · Written copy, one sentence, centered under the hero. On an emergency room page it is the safety line. ⭐ On a Level II NICU page it is the reassurance a parent needs first: that this unit is part of a network, with the Level IV behind it, and where a baby who needs more care goes and how. Kim, 2026-10-21: name the transfer at the top of the page, as the clearest Level II NICU pages in the peer scan do (reference/neonatal/oh_nicu_peer_ia_scan_2026_10_21.md). The facts are in What a Level II NICU Means for Your Baby, below.
Template module · Fills itself from the headings below, one icon each. Nothing is supplied.
Parents are part of the care team in every Orlando Health NICU, and you are welcome at your baby's bedside. You will be shown how to hold your baby skin to skin as soon as your baby is ready, and how to feed your baby when the time comes.
Lactation consultants and specially trained nurses are already part of this hospital's newborn team. When you go home at night, you can call and someone will tell you how your baby is.
Library module · Written copy, full width, in the place the emergency room page gives "when to go". Before anything else, a parent wants to know what being here will be like. ⛔ This unit's own rules for being at the bedside do not exist yet. What is written is what is true of every Orlando Health NICU plus what this hospital already says to new parents on its own newborn services page, and the gaps are named.
⛔ Owed before opening, for this module: the unit's visiting guidance, whether parents can be present at every hour, the age rule for other visitors, the hand hygiene rules, family space, and what is available for a parent who wants to stay overnight.
Template module · Fills itself: the map, with this unit's card, from the location record. Nothing is supplied. The way in is the hospital's main entrance.
This is a Level II neonatal intensive care unit inside the Center for Women and Babies at Orlando Health South Lake Hospital, where babies have been born for years and a newborn services team looks after every family from the first day. The NICU cares for babies born a little early or needing extra help getting started: support with breathing, feeding, warmth and monitoring, without leaving Lake County.
If your baby needs more than a Level II unit can give, the Level IV unit at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer in Orlando is part of the same system, and a transport team brings your baby there.
Library module · Written copy beside a photograph. On the emergency room page this is what a Level One Trauma Center means for you; here it is what a Level II NICU means for your baby: care close to home, and the connection to the Level IV. South Lake already delivers babies, at its Center for Women and Babies, and already runs a newborn services team. The NICU is being added to that.
Brings newborns from other hospitals to the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Learn MoreLibrary module, from the service line template · Fills itself from the care team records, a card for each team that serves this unit, each linking to its own page. A Level II unit has none of its own, so the module renders the connection card, set on the service line page and linking to /care-teams/nicu-transport-team. The card is the second card field on the transport team's record: one lead clause naming Winnie Palmer as where the team brings the baby, then the wording from the team's own page. ⭐ This hospital's newborn services also run a screening program and an infant safe sleep program for every baby born here; those are the hospital's, live on its own page today, and they belong on the hospital's labor and delivery page rather than here.
If you have more breast milk than your baby needs, you can donate it at an Orlando Health milk depot. A nonprofit milk bank screens every donor and pasteurizes every batch, and the milk goes to premature and sick babies.
How to DonateLibrary module, used a second time · Written copy beside a photograph, with a button. ⭐ The one program at this hospital today is its milk depot, which takes donations whether or not the NICU is open. The paragraph is the card wording set on the Milk Depot program page, and it renders from the hospital record's drop-off amenity. When a second program joins this hospital, this becomes the accordion the Winnie Palmer page uses, Programs for NICU Families.
No doctors show here until the unit's neonatologists are in the doctor finder.
Library module, from the service line template · Fills itself. The doctor finder, filtered to neonatology at this hospital. ⛔ Zero rows until the unit's neonatologists are in the physician finder. Renders nothing rather than a placeholder.
Template module · Fills itself: three articles tagged to neonatal care, with View All. Nothing is supplied.
The unit's opening shows at the top of this page. Babies are already delivered at this hospital, and a baby who needs intensive care is cared for by the Orlando Health NICU network, with the transport team bringing your baby to the right unit.
Come in through the main entrance and ask at the front desk, or call the hospital and someone will tell you the way. The map and directions are above.
The transport team brings your baby and the records go with them. The team here will talk with you about when you can travel, and the unit in Orlando will be expecting you.
Template module · Written copy. Practical questions about this unit. The first answer is state-free: the opening state is a field on the hero record.
⛔ Two questions join this block once the record is complete: whether you can stay overnight, and where the unit is in the building.
This Level II unit will care for babies born a little early or needing extra help, close to home in Lake County.
Learn More About Neonatal CareThe unit is part of the hospital's Center for Women and Babies, where its babies are born.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthA pediatrician near Clermont continues your baby's care once you go home from this unit.
Learn More About PediatricsTemplate module · Fills itself under the template's own heading, three tabs of cards, each card one sentence with a Learn More link, and Browse All under Conditions and Treatments. Nothing is written on this page: the card wording lives on each record.
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half...
Learn More About Newborn JaundiceSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight...
Learn More About Growth falteringSepsis is a serious infection that has spread through a newborn's blood. It can start in the first days after birth or weeks...
Learn More About Late-Onset Neonatal SepsisCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyTreatment with a special blue light that lowers the bilirubin causing your baby's jaundice. Your baby lies under or on the...
Learn More About Phototherapy, NewbornHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUTemplate module · Fills itself: up to four downloadable resources from this unit's record. ⛔ None exists before the unit opens, so the module renders nothing until Orlando Health supplies one.
Template module · Fills itself, a band of logos from the awards record for this hospital and unit. Renders nothing until the record holds one.
Template module · The same three cards on every page, Find a Doctor, MyChart and Virtual Visit. Nothing is supplied.
Template module · Fills itself from the unit's location record: the unit's level and name as the page heading, level first (Kim, 2026-10-21: the level goes in the title, as the clearest NICU pages in the peer scan show it, reference/neonatal/oh_nicu_peer_ia_scan_2026_10_21.md; the template composes it from the record's level field and unit name, so the record's name stays the unit name), "at" and the hospital name beneath it, the address, the phone number, Click for Directions and Click to Call, and the opening state. ⭐ The opening state on this record reads "Opening summer 2027", and it is a season by instruction. The unit phone is a field on the record; until the unit opens, the record lists the hospital number.
⛔ Still to gather for this record: the unit's own phone number, the number of beds, and the floor.
Keep the designer's text card and put each team's own lockup (Air Care, Winnie Palmer Hospital, Women's Institute, Orlando Health Children's) in its logo slot. Add a photo band only when every team on the page has a real photo of its own people or place.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
Template module · Written copy, one sentence, centered under the hero. On an emergency room page it is the safety line. ⭐ On a Level II NICU page it is the reassurance a parent needs first: that this unit is part of a network, with the Level IV behind it, and where a baby who needs more care goes and how. Kim, 2026-10-21: name the transfer at the top of the page, as the clearest Level II NICU pages in the peer scan do (reference/neonatal/oh_nicu_peer_ia_scan_2026_10_21.md). The facts are in What a Level II NICU Means for Your Baby, below.
Template module · Fills itself from the headings below, one icon each. Nothing is supplied.
Parents are part of the care team in every Orlando Health NICU, and you are welcome at your baby's bedside. You will be shown how to hold your baby skin to skin as soon as your baby is ready, and how to feed your baby when the time comes, with lactation support in the unit. When you go home at night, you can call and someone will tell you how your baby is.
Library module · Written copy, full width, in the place the emergency room page gives "when to go". Before anything else, a parent wants to know what being here will be like. ⛔ This unit does not exist yet, so nothing about being in it can be stated as fact. The paragraph is what is true of every Orlando Health NICU and nothing else, and every gap is named.
⛔ Owed before opening, for this module: everything specific to this unit. Visiting guidance, whether parents can be present at every hour, the age rule for other visitors, the hand hygiene rules, family space, and what is available overnight.
Template module · Fills itself: the map, with this unit's card, from the location record. Nothing is supplied. The way in is the hospital's main entrance.
This is a Level II neonatal intensive care unit inside the Center for Women and Babies at Orlando Health Lake Mary Hospital, where babies are already born. The NICU cares for babies born a little early or needing extra help getting started: support with breathing, feeding, keeping warm and monitoring, minutes from home.
If your baby ever needs more than a Level II unit can give, the Level IV unit at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer in Orlando is part of the same system, and a transport team brings your baby there.
Library module · Written copy beside a photograph. On the emergency room page this is what a Level One Trauma Center means for you; here it is what a Level II NICU means for your baby: care close to home, and the connection to the Level IV. Lake Mary already delivers babies at its Center for Women and Babies, with six private labor and delivery suites and an eighteen-room postpartum area, and its own page already tells a pregnant reader that a NICU is planned. This page is what that sentence links to.
Held out of the copy:
Brings newborns from other hospitals to the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Learn MoreLibrary module, from the service line template · Fills itself from the care team records, a card for each team that serves this unit, each linking to its own page. A Level II unit has none of its own, so the module renders the connection card, set on the service line page and linking to /care-teams/nicu-transport-team. The card is the second card field on the transport team's record: one lead clause naming Winnie Palmer as where the team brings the baby, then the wording from the team's own page.
If you have more breast milk than your baby needs, you can donate it at an Orlando Health milk depot. A nonprofit milk bank screens every donor and pasteurizes every batch, and the milk goes to premature and sick babies.
How to DonateLibrary module, used a second time · Written copy beside a photograph, with a button. ⭐ The one program at this hospital today is its milk depot, which takes donations whether or not the NICU is open. The paragraph is the card wording set on the Milk Depot program page, and it renders from the hospital record's drop-off amenity. When a second program joins this hospital, this becomes the accordion the Winnie Palmer page uses, Programs for NICU Families.
No doctors show here until the unit's neonatologists are in the doctor finder.
Library module, from the service line template · Fills itself. The doctor finder, filtered to neonatology at this hospital. ⛔ Zero rows until the unit's neonatologists are in the physician finder. Renders nothing rather than a placeholder.
Template module · Fills itself: three articles tagged to neonatal care, with View All. Nothing is supplied.
The unit's opening shows at the top of this page. Babies are already delivered at this hospital, and a baby who needs intensive care is cared for by the Orlando Health NICU network, with the transport team bringing your baby to the right unit.
The Center for Women and Babies offers a tour of its labor and delivery suites and postpartum unit, and you can register for one and for your delivery on the hospital's labor and delivery page. The NICU will be part of the tour once it opens.
The transport team brings your baby and the records go with them. The team here will talk with you about when you can travel, and the unit in Orlando will be expecting you.
Template module · Written copy. Practical questions about this unit. ⭐ The first answer is state-free: the season is a field on the hero record, stated as a season and nothing more precise, by instruction. The tour and the delivery registration are the hospital's, live today, and the second answer sends the reader there rather than restating them.
Link targets: "the hospital's labor and delivery page" in the second answer links to lake Mary Hospital labor and delivery page.
⛔ Two questions join this block once the record is complete: whether you can stay overnight, and where the unit is in the building.
This Level II unit will care for babies born a little early or needing extra help, close to home in Seminole County.
Learn More About Neonatal CareThe unit is inside the hospital's Center for Women and Babies, next to where its babies are born.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthA pediatrician near Lake Mary picks up your baby's care after the NICU stay ends.
Learn More About PediatricsTemplate module · Fills itself under the template's own heading, three tabs of cards, each card one sentence with a Learn More link, and Browse All under Conditions and Treatments. Nothing is written on this page: the card wording lives on each record.
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half...
Learn More About Newborn JaundiceSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight...
Learn More About Growth falteringSepsis is a serious infection that has spread through a newborn's blood. It can start in the first days after birth or weeks...
Learn More About Late-Onset Neonatal SepsisCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyTreatment with a special blue light that lowers the bilirubin causing your baby's jaundice. Your baby lies under or on the...
Learn More About Phototherapy, NewbornHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUTemplate module · Fills itself: up to four downloadable resources from this unit's record. ⛔ None exists before the unit opens, so the module renders nothing until Orlando Health supplies one.
Template module · Fills itself, a band of logos from the awards record for this hospital and unit. Renders nothing until the record holds one.
Template module · The same three cards on every page, Find a Doctor, MyChart and Virtual Visit. Nothing is supplied.
The team that brings a newborn from another hospital to the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer when a baby needs more care than the hospital they were born in can give. On call at every hour, across nine Central Florida counties, in an ambulance built as a NICU on wheels, and by helicopter when distance is critical.
Template module · Written copy, the hero description field; 328 characters. ⭐ The transport line for referring hospitals is a field on this team's record and renders in the hero as Click to Call. It is not in the copy.
To check ·
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
No parent plans on a baby who needs a higher level of care. When it happens, this team comes to your baby: a registered nurse, a respiratory therapist and a paramedic driver, with a neonatologist reachable by phone the whole way, so your baby's care continues without a gap.
Your baby's records, images and care plan travel too, so the unit at Winnie Palmer is ready before the doors open. For the safety of the babies and the crew, only the patient travels in the vehicle, and the team will do everything possible to give you time with your baby before departure and to tell you exactly where to come.
Template module · Written copy under Who we are, then THE FEATURES. On this team the cards are the vehicle, the reach and the helicopter, because each is unique to it and no grid owns them.
To check ·
The ambulance carries a specialized incubator and the equipment of an intensive care unit: inhaled nitric oxide, active cooling to protect the brain, and heart and lung bypass.
The team covers Central Florida coast to coast, a 75-mile radius of Orlando Health Winnie Palmer.
When distance or a baby's condition calls for it, the team flies on the Orlando Health Air Care helicopter to the referring hospital.
Learn MoreTemplate module · Fills itself. On this team it renders the neonatologists who staff the transport line, narrowed to the team record. Nothing is supplied.
Template module · Fills itself from the team's record: one location, its base at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer, linking to that hospital's page. Nothing is supplied.
The team brings a newborn to the Level IV NICU, and the neonatologists there take over the baby's care.
Learn More About Neonatal CareWhen distance is critical, the transport team flies with a newborn by helicopter.
Learn More About Emergency / TraumaTemplate modules · Fill themselves, and on this team render thin: the specialists grid shows neonatologist and the treatments grid the interventions the vehicle carries. Nothing is supplied.
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it...
Learn More About Congenital heart defectAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisA condition of identical twins who share one placenta, where blood flows unevenly from one twin to the other. It is found...
Learn More About Twin-to-twin transfusion syndromeECMO is heart and lung support outside the body. A machine adds oxygen to a newborn's blood and returns it, so the lungs,...
Learn More About Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), NeonatalCooling therapy lowers a newborn's body temperature to a set level for three days to protect the brain after a lack of...
Learn More About Therapeutic Hypothermia (Cooling Therapy), NewbornA gas the body makes on its own, given in a small measured amount through the ventilator to relax tight blood vessels in a...
Learn More About Inhaled Nitric Oxide TherapyA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between...
Learn More About Surfactant Replacement TherapyCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newborn[The plans this team accepts, from its record]
View Hospital Based InsuranceTemplate module · ⛔ Does not render on this team. A transport is arranged hospital to hospital; nobody chooses it against a plan list.
No, and it is for your baby's safety and the crew's: the vehicle is full of instruments and there is no safe place for a passenger. The team will tell you exactly where to go, and if you are still a patient yourself, the team at your hospital and the unit at Winnie Palmer will talk with you about when you can travel.
The team will tell you before departure how long the journey is expected to take, who to call, and how to reach the unit once your baby is there.
No. The vehicle is equipped as a NICU and the crew continues the treatment your baby was receiving, with a neonatologist by phone the whole way. ## For referring hospitals
Call the transport line. The team is on call at every hour, every day of the year, and aims to be en route within thirty minutes.
The baby's current status, the treatments in progress and the records you have. The receiving neonatologist will speak with your doctor directly.
Yes, when distance or the baby's condition calls for it, on the Orlando Health Air Care helicopter.
Template module · Written copy, in two groups for two readers. The parent's questions are written in a steady voice for parents facing a serious diagnosis; the referring hospital's questions are written for competence and readiness.
To check ·
Template modules · Fill themselves. Nothing is supplied.
Draft copy prepared by Marketing Technology.
Referring hospitals reach the NICU Transport Team on its transport line, on call at every hour.
Call the Transport LineThe care of women across Central Florida, from a first exam in adolescence through pregnancy, menopause and beyond, brought together in one institute: hospitals built for women and babies, OB-GYN practices, and centers for the conditions that need a specialist.
Template module · Written copy, one paragraph under the name. The hero description field, 40 to 380 characters; the paragraph below is 261.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
The Women's Institute brings together everything Orlando Health does for women: the hospitals where babies are born, the OB-GYN practices across Central Florida, and the specialist centers for high-risk pregnancy, fetal care, pelvic health and gynecologic surgery. More than 14,000 babies are born in the institute's hospitals each year, and it is home to the region's Level IV neonatal intensive care unit.
It is organised by its centers, so that a woman with a specific need finds a team that does that one thing all day. The centers share one record and one standard, and the physician who cares for you in one of them is part of the same institute as every other.
Template module · Written copy: two short paragraphs under Who we are, then THE FEATURES under the template's own heading WHAT THIS INSTITUTE OFFERS, three to five cards. ⛔ The cards carry what is special, timely or unique about this institute and nothing another module owns: no treatments, no conditions, no credentials, no offices (C13).
Six centers, each built around one thing: obstetrics and gynecology, high-risk pregnancy, fetal care, maternal health, pelvic health, and minimally invasive surgery.
The Center for Maternal Health follows a mother for a year after her baby is born, for the recovery and the mental health that too often gets left out.
Learn MoreEvery hospital where the institute delivers babies offers a tour and a preregistration, so the first time you walk in is not the day you are in labor.
Specialists for a pregnancy that needs more: a condition in the mother, a diagnosis in the baby, or a history to watch.
Learn More About Center for Maternal-Fetal MedicineFor a baby whose condition is found before birth: one team diagnoses it, treats it where that helps, and plans the birth.
Learn More About Fetal Care CenterPrenatal and postpartum care that comes to you: a mobile clinic, visits by video and doula support.
Learn More About Center for Maternal HealthTemplate module, institute scale only · Fills itself from the care team records of every center in this institute, a card each with both buttons. ⭐ The card wording is set once on each center's record, on that center's page spec, and renders here unchanged. Nothing is supplied.
Fills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself. The finder narrowed to this institute's physicians, with the gender filter prominent. Nothing is supplied.
Fills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself. The map and list of every institute location, each linking to its building's page. Nothing is supplied.
Fills itself from this line's records on the live site.
Template modules · All fill themselves, filtered to this institute. Nothing is supplied.
[The plans this team accepts, from its record]
View Hospital Based InsuranceTemplate module · Fills itself. Nothing is supplied.
With any of the OB-GYN practices, or by calling the institute. A gynecologist sees you first and, if you need a center, refers you to it inside the same record. You do not have to diagnose yourself before you call.
No. The institute is across Central Florida, and each center lists its own offices on its own page. The hospitals where babies are born are listed on the pregnancy and birth page.
It depends on your insurance rather than on us. Many plans let you book directly with a gynecologist; some centers, such as maternal-fetal medicine, usually see you on referral from your obstetrician. Call the office and they will tell you what your plan requires.
Yes, on anything, including a surgery somebody else has recommended.
Template module · Written copy. On a care team page the block answers access questions about this team and nothing else.
Template modules · All fill themselves. The band renders the Magnet recognition at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer among the institute's recognitions.
Clinical trials can give you early access to new treatments. Your doctor can tell you whether a trial fits you, and Find a Clinical Trial lists every trial open at the Women's Institute.
Find a Clinical TrialTemplate module · A banner with this page's copy and one button, Find a Clinical Trial, already narrowed to the Women's Institute's trials. No trial and no trial count is typed here. Kim, 2026-10-29: the live menu's Research & Education splits into its sub items. Trials and graduate medical education are two modules; journals and The Update are articles in the Content Hub; events are playground rows.
Doctors in training learn here alongside our physicians, in women's health and in pregnancy and birth. Residencies and Fellowships lists the institute's programs.
Residencies and FellowshipsTemplate module · A banner with this page's copy and one button, Residencies and Fellowships, narrowed to the Women's Institute's programs. No program is named here; the list fills itself from the graduate medical education record. The live institute menu lists Graduate Medical Education under Research & Education (read 2026-10-29).
Request an appointment and the team will help you find the right practice and a time that works for you.
Request an AppointmentCare for children across Central Florida in one connected network, from everyday checkups to intensive care and surgery: Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital, the Children's Pavilion, the Heart and Neuroscience institutes, and pediatric specialists across dozens of fields.
Template module · Written copy, one paragraph under the name. The hero description field, 40 to 380 characters; the paragraph below is 285.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
Orlando Health Children's brings together everything Orlando Health does for children: a children's hospital, a pavilion where more than 30 pediatric specialties see children in one place, institutes for the heart and the brain, and pediatric practices close to home. Every specialist in it cares only for children.
It is one network so that a family does not have to find its own way between specialists. A child seen by one team is known to the others, and the care moves with the child, from a newborn in the NICU to a teenager in sports medicine.
Template module · Written copy: two short paragraphs under Who we are, then THE FEATURES under the template's own heading WHAT ORLANDO HEALTH CHILDREN'S OFFERS, two cards until Chelsea Swart returns a third (C13 asks for at least three; the heart and brain institutes card came off because the CENTRES module below lists both institutes by name and the card carried nothing the module does not). ⛔ The cards carry what is special, timely or unique about this network and nothing another module owns: no treatments, no conditions, no credentials, no offices (C13).
To check · Who we are, first paragraph:. Who we are, second paragraph:. Card 1:. Card 2:.
Fills itself from the records on the live site.
Template module, institute scale only, the CENTRES module · Fills itself from the care team and facility records of the places that make up the network, a card each with both buttons: Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital, the Orlando Health Children's Pavilion, the Children's Heart Institute, the Children's Neuroscience Institute and Orlando Health Physician Associates Pediatrics. ⭐ The card wording is set once on each record and renders here unchanged. Nothing is supplied.
⛔ Records owed (C1b). None of the five records or page specs exists yet. Owed by Marketing Technology, with Chelsea Swart confirming the facts for each, before this module can fill. The same gap is under card 1 (its link target, the Children's Pavilion facility page, is pending that record).
Fills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself. The finder narrowed to the network's pediatric clinicians, with the specialty filter prominent. Nothing is supplied.
Fills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself. The map and list of every location in the network, each linking to its building's page. Nothing is supplied.
Fills itself from this line's records on the live site.
Template modules · All fill themselves, filtered to this network. The specialties grid renders the pediatric specialties, each linking to its children's service line page. Nothing is supplied.
[The plans this team accepts, from its record]
View Hospital Based InsuranceTemplate module · Fills itself. Nothing is supplied.
With your child's pediatrician, or by requesting an appointment online. The team will help you find the right specialist, and if your child needs more than one, the specialists work together.
No. The network is across Central Florida: the hospital, the Children's Pavilion and pediatric practices closer to home. Each location is listed on its own page.
It depends on your insurance rather than on us. Some plans let you book a specialist directly; others ask for a referral from your pediatrician. Call the office and they will tell you what your plan requires.
Your own pediatrician stays at the center of your child's care, and the specialist teams who cared for your child in the hospital see them again where they need closer follow-up. A baby who needed newborn intensive care, for example, is seen by the NICU Development Clinic at set points through the first years. Every one of them is part of the same network.
Template module · Written copy. On a care team page the block answers access questions about this team and nothing else.
To check · First question:. Fourth question:.
Template modules · All fill themselves. The band renders the network's published recognitions once Chelsea Swart confirms them. Nothing is supplied.
Clinical trials can give your child early access to new treatments. Your child's doctor can tell you whether a trial fits, and Find a Clinical Trial lists every trial open at Orlando Health Children's.
Find a Clinical TrialTemplate module · A banner with this page's copy and one button, Find a Clinical Trial, already narrowed to Orlando Health Children's's trials. No trial and no trial count is typed here. Kim, 2026-10-29: the live menu's Research & Education splits into its sub items. Trials and graduate medical education are two modules; journals and The Update are articles in the Content Hub; events are playground rows.
Doctors in training learn here alongside our pediatric specialists. Residencies and Fellowships lists the network's programs.
Residencies and FellowshipsTemplate module · A banner with this page's copy and one button, Residencies and Fellowships, narrowed to Orlando Health Children's's programs. No program is named here; the list fills itself from the graduate medical education record.
Intensive care that flies. The Orlando Health helicopter team that reaches the scene of an emergency or a hospital across Central Florida, cares for the patient in flight and brings them to the trauma center or the specialist unit they need, at every hour of every day.
Template module · Written copy, the hero description field; 269 characters. ⭐ The transfer line for referring hospitals is a field on this team's record and renders in the hero as Click to Call. It is not in the copy.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
When someone is critically ill or badly injured and every minute counts, this team comes by air. Each helicopter carries a pilot, a flight nurse and a flight paramedic, with the equipment and medicines of an intensive care unit, and the crew keeps the receiving hospital updated so its team is ready at the door.
The Air Care Team flies from bases across Central Florida, supporting every Orlando Health hospital and other hospitals in the state. No flight goes ahead unless all three crew members agree it is safe.
Template module · Written copy under Who we are, then THE FEATURES. On this team the cards are the bases and the crew, because each is unique to it and no grid owns them. The newborn flight card is retired (Kim, 2026-10-21, shared pages): newborns appear in the crew card's certifications, beside trauma, burns and children.
To check · Who we are, first paragraph:. Who we are, second paragraph:. Held out of the second paragraph until confirmed:. Card 1:. Card 2:.
The helicopters are stationed in Kissimmee, Leesburg, Bartow, Apopka and at the Orlando Health emergency room at Reunion Village, so help is never far away.
Flight nurses and paramedics hold specialty certifications that include trauma, burns, children and newborns.
Learn MoreFills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself. On this team it renders the medical directors and the flight crew leadership, narrowed to the team record. Nothing is supplied.
Fills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself from the team's record: its five bases, each as a location row, linking to the facility page where one exists (the Reunion Village emergency room). Nothing is supplied.
Fills itself from this line's records on the live site.
Template modules · Fill themselves, and on this team render thin: the services grid shows helicopter transport, ground transport and the transfer center. Nothing is supplied.
[The plans this team accepts, from its record]
View Hospital Based InsuranceTemplate module · ⛔ Does not render on this team. A flight is arranged by emergency services or hospital to hospital; nobody chooses it against a plan list.
No, and it is for the patient's safety and the crew's: the helicopter carries the patient and the crew, and there is no safe seat for a passenger. The team tells you where your loved one is going and where to come, and the hospital there calls you when they arrive.
A flight nurse and a flight paramedic, both critical care clinicians, from the moment the team arrives until the receiving team takes over. A newborn who needs intensive care has the NICU Transport Team on board as well. Before departure, the team tells you how long the flight is expected to take and who to call.
When distance, traffic or the patient's condition makes every minute count. The team that arranges the transfer chooses the fastest safe way, by air or by road. ## For referring hospitals
Call the Emergency Transfer Center. It takes calls at every hour, arranges doctor-to-doctor referrals, and sends the right team by air or by ground.
Yes. Crews hold certifications in caring for children and newborns, and a newborn who needs intensive care flies with the NICU Transport Team on board.
Every Orlando Health hospital, and other hospitals across Florida where needed.
Template module · Written copy, in two groups for two readers. The family's questions are R4; the referring hospital's are R7, competence and readiness.
To check · For families, first question:. For families, second question:. For referring hospitals, first question:.
Template modules · Fill themselves. The live page has a patient story, a burn survivor flown from Lake County, which renders here once it is on the team's record. Nothing is supplied.
Draft copy prepared by Marketing Technology, 2026-10-19.
The team that stays with your baby after the NICU, checking growth and development at set points through the first years, and stepping in early if anything needs help. The relationship does not end when your baby goes home.
Template module · Written copy, the hero description field; 275 characters.
To check ·
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
Babies who needed intensive care are more likely to need a little help with growth or development in the first years, and the earlier help starts the more it does. At each visit a nurse practitioner and therapists check how your child is growing, moving, communicating and learning.
Most visits end with reassurance. When something is found, you hear it plainly, with a plan, and therapy starts right away. Your pediatrician keeps up your child's everyday care and receives the clinic's findings.
Template module · Written copy under Who we are, then THE FEATURES. The parent is the partner and progress is the frame; the second paragraph steadies to a voice for parents facing a serious diagnosis, for the parent whose baby is found to need help.
To check ·
Your child is seen at planned points rather than only when a worry arises, so a delay is caught while it is small.
A nurse practitioner and physical, occupational and speech therapists assess your child in a single appointment, with one set of findings.
Template module · Fills itself, narrowed to this clinic. Nothing is supplied.
Template module · Fills itself from the clinic's location record. Nothing is supplied.
To check ·
[The plans this team accepts, from its record]
View Hospital Based InsuranceTemplate module · Fills itself. Nothing is supplied.
Ask your NICU team before discharge whether the clinic will see your baby. If your baby was in a NICU elsewhere, ask your pediatrician for a referral, or call the clinic.
Your child plays, and the team watches. The assessments look like games to a toddler, and they measure movement, hand skills, language and problem solving against what is expected at that age. You will be asked what you have noticed, because you see your child every day and the team does not.
You hear it plainly, with a plan. Therapy can begin at the clinic or close to home, and the clinic tells you how to reach early intervention services where your child qualifies. Finding a delay at twelve months is the reason the clinic exists; it is far easier to help then than at four.
No. Your pediatrician remains your child's regular doctor and receives everything the clinic finds. The clinic adds the developmental expertise that a NICU graduate may need.
Template module · Written copy. Parent-facing, with progress as the frame.
To check ·
Template modules · All fill themselves. Nothing is supplied.
Draft copy prepared by Marketing Technology.
The clinic is the NICU's follow-up, seeing its graduates at set points through the first years.
Learn More About Neonatal CareYour pediatrician keeps caring for your child between clinic visits and hears what each visit finds.
Learn More About PediatricsWhen a visit finds a delay in movement or development, children's neurologists can join the plan.
Learn More About Children's NeuroscienceFills itself from the records. A program belongs to no single service line (Kim, 2026-10-20), so the cards are the program's own assortment: the lines it works with and the library pages tied to its subject, never one line's lists.
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help...
Learn More About Prematurity-Related Developmental DelayA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematuritySlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight...
Learn More About Growth falteringA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUAsk your NICU team before discharge whether the clinic will see your baby. If your baby was in a NICU elsewhere, ask your pediatrician for a referral, or call the clinic.
Call the ClinicIf you have more breast milk than your baby needs, you can donate it at an Orlando Health milk depot. A nonprofit milk bank screens every donor and pasteurizes every batch, and the milk goes to premature and sick babies. Your extra milk can be the next feed for a baby in a NICU.
Template module · Written copy, the hero description field; 279 characters. ⭐ This is also the program card wording wherever a line page or a facility page renders the milk depot, written once here. It replaces the pregnancy line's corrected O6 blurb, which named the depots as the Women's Institute's; the program is system-wide.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
A milk depot is a drop-off point. You bring your frozen milk to an Orlando Health hospital, and from there it goes to Mothers' Milk Bank of Florida, a nonprofit milk bank accredited by the Human Milk Banking Association of North America.
At the milk bank, every donor is screened and tested, and every batch of milk is pasteurized, tested again and bottled before it goes to a hospital. Babies born early or seriously ill depend on it most, because donor milk from an accredited bank is the milk a hospital can safely give them when their own mother's milk is not yet enough.
Template module · Written copy, two paragraphs: what a depot is, and what happens to the milk. ⭐ The partner and the screening steps are from the live South Lake page: the depots are drop-off sites for milk banks belonging to the Human Milk Banking Association of North America, and the bank screens donors, pasteurizes, cultures and bottles the milk. The Florida partner, Mothers' Milk Bank of Florida, is named on the Lake Mary press release and linked from the South Lake page.
Flags held for the reviewers, moved out of the page copy (the copy carries none).
You are likely to qualify as a donor if:
The milk bank makes the final decision through its own short screening, and it will tell you plainly if anything rules you out. Many medicines do not, so ask before you decide.
Template module · Written copy. The donor criteria, as the live South Lake page states them, each one checked by the milk bank's own screening. The final say is the bank's, and the copy says so.
Flags held for the reviewers, moved out of the page copy (the copy carries none).
1. Complete the pre-screening. Call the donor line, or start on the milk bank's site. The milk bank asks about your health and your medicines, and gives you a donor number once you are approved.
2. Freeze and label your milk. Every container goes in frozen and labeled with your donor number, and a depot can accept only milk that is both.
3. Bring it to a depot. Check in at the hospital and you will be shown to the drop-off. Each hospital's own arrival steps are with its address below.
Template module · Written copy, the steps in the order a donor takes them. From the live South Lake page: pre-screening first, by phone or on the milk bank's site; check in on arrival; milk frozen and labeled with the donor number. ⭐ The donor line is a field on the program record and renders beside this module as Click to Call. It is not in the copy. Whether every depot uses the same line is owed.
Flags held for the reviewers, moved out of the page copy (the copy carries none).
Fills itself from this page's own record.
Template module · Fills itself. A map and a list of every hospital that lists the milk depot as an amenity on its own record, each linking to that hospital's page. ⛔ No facility gets a milk depot page; the drop-off is an amenity field on the facility record. ⭐ The amenity field does not exist yet, so its content is owed, written once on each record:
| Facility record | What the drop-off amenity says | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Orlando Health South Lake Hospital Center for Women and Babies | Check in with guest services, who direct you to the milk depot donation area. Park in the Center for Women and Babies lot. | The live South Lake milk depot page |
| Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies | The live Winnie Palmer amenities page exists; its text is not on hand | |
| Orlando Health Lake Mary Hospital | The live Lake Mary labor and delivery milk depot page and the press release title | |
| Any further hospital | Most if not all facilities have a drop-off; the live South Lake page says it is one of three. The module renders whatever records hold the amenity | The page plan |
| Regional Medical Center, Anniston, Alabama | Out of this page's scope until its lane confirms the drop-off (a different partner bank, Mothers' Milk Bank of Alabama). If it joins, the overview names the partner bank per state | The Regional Medical Center verification log |
Probably, if it has been frozen for no more than eight months in a freezer that keeps ice cream hard. Tell the milk bank how long it has been stored when you screen, and it will tell you which of it can go.
Not always. Some medicines pass into milk in ways that matter for a premature baby and many do not, so the milk bank checks yours by name during screening.
Donating is for milk your own baby does not need. If you are unsure how much your baby needs, ask your baby's doctor or a lactation consultant before you give any away.
Donor milk from an accredited milk bank comes from screened donors and is pasteurized and tested before it reaches a hospital. Your baby's care team can tell you why they recommend it and for how long.
Template module · Written copy. On a program page the block answers questions about the program itself. Two readers, one block: the first three are the donor's, the last is the receiving parent's, pointed at the library page that owns the subject. Owed, for Chelsea Swart, before the block is final: whether there is a minimum amount to donate · whether donors are paid or reimbursed for supplies · whether a mother who has lost her baby can donate, and how the depot receives her. That last one is a question bereaved mothers ask, and it is answered only once we know the answer is yes and how the depot handles it.
Flags held for the reviewers, moved out of the page copy (the copy carries none).
Donated milk, screened and pasteurized by a nonprofit milk bank, goes to premature and sick babies in NICUs.
Learn More About Neonatal CareAfter the birth, a mother with more breast milk than her baby needs can donate it at a depot.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthFills itself from the records. A program belongs to no single service line (Kim, 2026-10-20), so the cards are the program's own assortment: the lines it works with and the library pages tied to its subject, never one line's lists.
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA program at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies for the earliest-born babies, from 22 weeks of pregnancy. Neonatologists and maternal-fetal medicine specialists plan your baby's care with you, starting before the birth when there is time.
Template module · Written copy, the hero description field; 262 characters. Names only the lower week, which both sources agree on. ⭐ This is also the program card wording wherever the line page or the Winnie Palmer NICU page renders the collaborative, written once here.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
If you have been told your baby may be born months early, you may be hearing words like "periviable" and "micro-preemie" for the first time. Babies born this early are the smallest babies a NICU cares for, and each week of pregnancy at this stage changes what their care looks like.
The Tiny Baby Collaborative brings together the specialists who care for you during pregnancy and the specialists who care for your baby after birth, so that one plan follows your baby from before delivery into the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
The collaborative cares for babies born from 22 weeks of pregnancy.
Template module · Written copy, two paragraphs and the range line. ⛔ The range line is the one sentence on the page that reading cannot resolve. The copy names the lower week only, which both sources give; the upper week (25 on the live Arnold Palmer page, 27 in the corporate copy) is held in its flag and is added when Chelsea Swart and a clinical reviewer return one number. The flag stays beside the line until then. The first paragraph is written for the parent who has just been told her baby may arrive this early.
Flags held for the reviewers, moved out of the page copy (the copy carries none).
Baby Diana's story: the tiniest baby to graduate from the Winnie Palmer NICU · Orlando Health, Vimeo
Maternal-fetal medicine specialists. Doctors who care for high-risk pregnancies look after you and your baby before the birth, and work to give your baby as much time in the womb as is safely possible.
Neonatologists. Doctors who specialize in newborns who need intensive care lead your baby's care in the NICU from the first minutes after birth.
Pediatric palliative care specialists. The palliative care team from Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital supports your family through hard decisions and the strain of a long NICU stay, alongside every treatment your baby receives.
Template module · Written copy. The teams the collaborative brings together, as the two sources name them: neonatologists and maternal-fetal medicine specialists at Winnie Palmer (both sources), and the pediatric palliative care team at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital, whose page lists the collaborative among its services.
Flags held for the reviewers, moved out of the page copy (the copy carries none).
Before the birth, when there is time. You can meet a neonatologist, ask everything you want to ask about the weeks ahead, and see the NICU where your baby would be cared for. The team talks through what care could look like for a baby born at your week, and your family's hopes and wishes become part of the plan.
At the birth and in the NICU. Your baby is cared for in the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer. You are part of the team at your baby's bedside, and the plan is reviewed with you as your baby grows.
After you go home. Babies born this early are followed through the first years by the NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital.
Template module · Written copy, in the order a family meets it. The prenatal step is the perinatal palliative care page's own offer (a NICU tour and a neonatologist consultation before delivery for families expecting a long NICU stay); that it is the collaborative's standard entry is owed. The after-discharge step points to the NICU Development Clinic, whose eligibility rule is itself open on that team's page.
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Template module · Fills itself from one location record, the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies, linking to /facilities/winnie-palmer-hospital/nicu. Nothing is supplied. The prenatal consultations may happen in the Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's offices; if they do, that record renders too.
Usually through your obstetrician or the maternal-fetal medicine team, when an early birth is expected. If you are pregnant and worried your baby may come this early, ask your doctor whether a referral is right for you.
When there is time before the birth, your care team may recommend moving you to Orlando Health Winnie Palmer so your baby is born where the Level IV NICU is. If your baby is born first, the NICU Transport Team brings your baby to Winnie Palmer.
Yes, at every stage. Before the birth and throughout the NICU stay, the team explains the choices in front of you, what each one means for your baby, and what they recommend, and you decide together.
Palliative care is support for a family living through a serious illness, and it works alongside every treatment your baby receives. Its specialists help with hard conversations and decisions, with easing any pain or distress your baby feels, and with the weight of a long stay, for as long as your family wants them.
The team welcomes the people you lean on into the conversations you choose to share with them. Who can be at the bedside follows the Winnie Palmer NICU's own visiting guidance, which is on that hospital's page.
Template module · Written copy. On a program page the block answers questions about the program itself. How early a baby can survive is answered on the line page and the prematurity page, and it is not asked again here. ⛔ No answer states an outcome or a figure.
Flags held for the reviewers, moved out of the page copy (the copy carries none).
Neonatologists in the Level IV NICU care for the earliest-born babies this program serves.
Learn More About Neonatal CareMaternal-fetal medicine specialists plan with you before a very early birth, when there is time.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthFills itself from the records. A program belongs to no single service line (Kim, 2026-10-20), so the cards are the program's own assortment: the lines it works with and the library pages tied to its subject, never one line's lists.
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight...
Learn More About Growth falteringAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between...
Learn More About Surfactant Replacement TherapyIf you are pregnant and worried your baby may come this early, ask your doctor whether a referral is right for you.
Talk With a Maternal-Fetal SpecialistThe specialists who care for a pregnancy that needs more: a condition in the mother, a diagnosis in the baby, or a history that calls for closer watching. You keep your own obstetrician. This team joins your care, plans with you, and is there for the delivery when the plan calls for it.
Template module · Written copy, the hero description field; 287 characters. R4: a referral here is frightening, and the first sentence has to steady rather than sell.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
Twenty-four maternal-fetal medicine specialists who do one thing: pregnancies that are complicated, by the mother's health, by the baby's, or by what happened last time. Being sent here is not a verdict. It means the people watching your pregnancy see this every day and know what to look for.
A referral here does not replace your obstetrician. It adds a second team that plans with the first, from the same record, so that the delivery is planned before the day and the hospital is ready for what your pregnancy needs.
Template module · Written copy under Who we are, then THE FEATURES under WHAT THIS CENTRE OFFERS. The two proof claims are on the cards because they are unique to this centre; the accreditation and the first-in-the-Southeast claim render again in the awards band, and the card says the one thing and links.
When a baby's spina bifida is found before birth, this centre and the Fetal Care Center can operate in the womb. This centre was the first in the Southeast to do it, and does it still.
Learn MoreThe centre's fetal anatomy screening and fetal echocardiography are accredited by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, which is the standard for reading a baby's heart before birth.
For a placenta that has attached too deeply, the delivery is planned here by a team that specialises in it, at the hospital that is ready for it.
Learn MoreThis centre joins your care rather than taking it over. Your own physician stays your physician.
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[The plans this team accepts, from its record]
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It means your pregnancy has a reason to be watched more closely, and most reasons are manageable: a condition you already had, a twin pregnancy, a finding on a scan, a previous loss. The first visit is where you find out what the reason is and what the plan will be, in plain words.
Yes. This centre works alongside your obstetrician from the same record. Some women see both throughout; some see this team for a few visits and return to their own physician.
Usually, from your obstetrician, and your insurance may require one. Call the centre and they will tell you what is needed.
That is part of the plan, and it depends on what your pregnancy needs. Many women referred here deliver at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer, where the Level IV NICU is in the building. The team tells you where and why, well before the day.
Template module · Written copy. Access questions about this centre only. R4 plus R5.
Template modules · All fill themselves. The band renders the AIUM accreditation and the first-in-the-Southeast recognition.
Draft copy prepared by Marketing Technology, 2026-09-30.
Request an appointment and the maternal-fetal medicine team will call you to schedule your first visit.
Request an AppointmentFor a baby whose condition is found before birth. One team diagnoses it, treats it in the womb where that helps, plans the delivery, and is still there when your baby is born, so the care that follows is already in place. You take part in every decision, and your obstetrician stays with you throughout.
Template module · Written copy, the hero description field; 303 characters. R4: the reader has just been told something is wrong with her baby.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
A team led by a fetal care physician, with specialists in neonatology, obstetrics, pediatric neurosurgery, pediatric cardiology, pediatric urology and pediatric palliative care, working together on one baby. When a scan shows something unexpected, this is where the next-level diagnosis happens, and where the plan is made for everything that follows.
Some of what we do is surgery before birth: repairing spina bifida in the womb, laser surgery for twins sharing a placenta, procedures for a diaphragm that has not closed. Much of it is planning: deciding where and how your baby should be born so that the right team is in the room, and staying with your baby through the NICU and after.
Template module · Written copy under Who we are, then THE FEATURES. The partnership with Orlando Health Children's is a card because it is the thing that makes this centre what it is and no grid owns it.
For some conditions, operating on a baby in the womb changes what life will be like after. This centre was the first in the Southeast to do it for spina bifida, and does it for twin-to-twin transfusion and others.
The centre works with the Children's Neuroscience Institute and Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital, so the pediatric surgeons who will care for your baby after birth are in the plan before it.
Learn MoreWhere your baby is born, who is in the room, which NICU, and who follows your child after: decided with you, ahead of time.
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Ask your obstetrician to refer you here, or call the centre yourself. The first visit is a detailed scan and a conversation about what was seen, what it means and what the choices are. You will not leave without understanding what happens next.
No. Most do not. For many conditions the centre's job is the diagnosis and the plan for the birth, and the treatment comes after your baby is born, from the pediatric team already in the plan.
If your baby's condition calls for the Level IV NICU or for surgery soon after birth, the plan will usually be to deliver at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer, with the team in the room. The centre tells you where and why, well ahead of time.
Yes. The centre joins your care and plans with your obstetrician from the same record.
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Draft copy prepared by Marketing Technology, 2026-09-30.
Request an appointment and the Fetal Care Center team will call you to plan your first visit.
Request an AppointmentPrenatal and postpartum care brought to where women are, for a healthy pregnancy and a full year after the birth: a mobile clinic that comes to your community, visits by video, and doula support. Alongside the medical care, help with housing, transport and food when those are in the way.
Template module · Written copy, the hero description field; 288 characters.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
The feature accordion is a module, or a set of them, on any page type, for what the marketing team wants to feature about how they market the line or place: a program, a class, an event, parking or language access, a community program, a timely change, a real choice such as planning a high-risk birth. Each row: a headline, a short paragraph, a 5:4 photo, zero, one or two buttons. A row can point to a page that exists; it never repeats a module on the same page.
Decided 2026-10-20
This centre exists because too many women in Central Florida do not get prenatal care, or stop getting care the day the baby is born, and the consequences are the ones a health system can prevent. It reaches women where they are, and it stays for a year after the birth, for the recovery and the mental health that a six-week checkup does not cover.
It has no waiting room of its own. Its clinic is a vehicle, its visits are often by video, and its team helps with the things that keep a woman from an appointment in the first place.
Template module · Written copy under Who we are, then THE FEATURES. ⭐ The three programme cards are what this page is for. Each says the one thing a reader needs to decide whether to click, and links to the programme's own page, which owns the rest.
Full prenatal care, ultrasound and checks, and postpartum care for a year, from a clinic that comes to your community. Open to any woman who needs prenatal care.
Learn MoreA doula through pregnancy and birth, at no cost, for births at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer today.
Learn MoreHousing, transport, food and mental health support, arranged by the team as part of your care rather than left to you.
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[The plans this team accepts, from its record]
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Any pregnant woman who needs prenatal care, and any mother in the first year after a birth. You do not need a referral, and you do not need to already be an Orlando Health patient.
Call the centre, or request information and the team calls you. If the mobile clinic is coming to your area, you can be seen there; if not, a video visit can usually be arranged sooner than a drive.
Then keep seeing them. This centre is for women who do not have prenatal care or are struggling to get to it, and for the year after the birth, which most practices do not cover.
Today it is for births at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer. The programme page says where it stands.
Template module · Written copy. Access questions about this centre only.
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Draft copy prepared by Marketing Technology, 2026-09-30.
Request information and the Center for Maternal Health team will call you about the care and support that fit your pregnancy.
Request InformationThe programs on this line, each bringing a team together around one condition, one approach to care or one group of patients. Each page explains who it is for, what it offers and where.
Differences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common, and most have no known cause. Neonatal, fetal care and children's specialty teams care for each kind, from a small difference to one that needs surgery.
Learn MoreA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer, while monitors watch breathing, heart rate and oxygen. It shows the team how your baby does in the seat's tilted position before the first trip in the car.
Learn MorePrenatal and postpartum care that comes to you: a mobile clinic, visits by video and doula support.
Learn MoreSpecialists for a pregnancy that needs more: a condition in the mother, a diagnosis in the baby, or a history to watch.
Learn MoreAn opening in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth, or both, that forms before birth. Feeding takes special care at first, surgery closes the lip and palate in the first year or so, and hearing, speech and teeth are followed as your child grows. Most children with a cleft do well.
Learn MoreA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it ranges from a small hole that closes alone to a heart that needs surgery in the first days. Pediatric heart and neonatal teams care for children with the kinds of heart defects listed on this page.
Learn MoreCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby does all the breathing; the pressure holds the lungs open between breaths so each one takes less work. It is one of the most common kinds of breathing help in a NICU.
Learn MoreA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU and measured against your baby's corrected age. It finds anything that needs help while it is small, so help can start early, and tells you plainly where your baby stands.
Learn MoreECMO is heart and lung support outside the body. A machine adds oxygen to a newborn's blood and returns it, so the lungs, and sometimes the heart, can rest and heal. It is offered to the sickest babies when every other treatment has been tried, and it is used for days to weeks.
Learn MoreA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are cared for in a NICU built for the smallest newborns, and the care continues after they go home, with growth and development followed through the first years. Neonatal teams in a NICU care for them.
Learn MoreFor a baby whose condition is found before birth: one team diagnoses it, treats it where that helps, and plans the birth.
Learn MoreThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature, feeding and weight gain are on track, the last checks are finished, you feel able to care for your baby, and the first visits with your pediatrician and follow-up teams are booked.
Learn MoreSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight check, and usually improves once the cause is found and feeds are adjusted. Pediatric, newborn and nutrition teams build the plan with you.
Learn MoreHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the nose at a faster flow than ordinary oxygen. It makes breathing easier for a newborn or young child who is working hard, with no mask and no breathing tube.
Learn MoreA gas the body makes on its own, given in a small measured amount through the ventilator to relax tight blood vessels in a newborn's lungs. More blood can then reach the lungs to pick up oxygen while the baby recovers. It is used in a NICU, with the team watching closely.
Learn MoreHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is part of your baby's care: it helps keep your baby warm, supports breathing, sleep and feeding, and puts you at the center of the work your baby is doing.
Learn MoreHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU, starting and keeping a milk supply by pumping until your baby can feed at the breast. Lactation consultants and nurses work with you from the first hours, and the plan fits your baby, your body and your family.
Learn MoreSepsis is a serious infection that has spread through a newborn's blood. It can start in the first days after birth or weeks later, most often in a baby born early. Neonatal teams care for it.
Learn MoreA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower growth before birth, or both. Small babies need extra help with warmth, feeding and growth. Neonatal teams care for them and follow their growth after you go home.
Learn MoreA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of breathing while the lungs heal or grow. It is one of the most common treatments in a NICU, and the team turns it down as your baby needs less.
Learn MoreIf you have more breast milk than your baby needs, you can donate it at an Orlando Health milk depot. A nonprofit milk bank screens every donor and pasteurizes every batch, and the milk goes to premature and sick babies. Your extra milk can be the next feed for a baby in a NICU.
Learn MoreAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the bowel wall can be damaged. Most babies are treated by resting the bowel, with nutrition and antibiotics through an IV; some need surgery. Neonatal and pediatric surgery teams care for it together.
Learn MoreNeonatal meningitis is an infection of the layers that cover a newborn's brain and spinal cord, usually spreading there from the blood. It is treated with two to three weeks of IV antibiotics, followed by hearing and development checks. Neonatal teams treat it in the NICU and follow your baby after discharge.
Learn MoreA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks whether sound travels from the ear along the hearing nerve. A "refer" result means your baby needs a full hearing test, which is planned by 3 months.
Learn MoreA quick hearing screen in which a soft probe rests in your baby's ear and listens for the faint echo a healthy inner ear makes. It is painless and often done during sleep. If it does not pass, the team rescreens, sometimes with a second kind of test, and arranges a full hearing test if needed.
Learn MoreYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half of babies have it, and most need only frequent feeds and a check or two. Newborn nurseries check every baby before going home and treat the few who need bili lights.
Learn MoreA few drops of blood from your baby's heel, collected on a paper card a day or two after birth and checked by the state laboratory for dozens of rare conditions that can be treated before signs appear. Results take a few days and are usually normal. An out-of-range result means a second test, and often that test is normal too.
Learn MoreStays with your baby after the NICU, checking growth and development at set points through the first years.
Learn MoreTreatment with a special blue light that lowers the bilirubin causing your baby's jaundice. Your baby lies under or on the light in a diaper and eye shields for a day or two, sometimes longer, with breaks to feed. It keeps the level from climbing high enough to harm the brain.
Learn MorePlacenta accreta spectrum means the placenta has grown too deeply into the wall of the uterus. It is often found on ultrasound before birth, so the delivery can be planned ahead with an experienced team and blood ready. At Orlando Health, the Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine plans that delivery with you.
Learn MoreA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help; some arrive months early and need intensive care. Neonatal teams care for premature babies in the NICU and follow your baby's growth and development after you go home.
Learn MoreWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help works best when it starts early, and developmental teams follow children born early through their first years, beside your pediatrician.
Learn MoreA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep their tiny air sacs open. It is treated in a NICU with breathing support and, for some babies, surfactant medicine. Neonatal teams care for it from the first hour.
Learn MoreAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it clears by itself. Regular eye exams in the NICU find the kind that needs treatment in time, and an eye doctor follows your child's sight as they grow.
Learn MoreMedicine for retinopathy of prematurity that has grown serious enough to threaten sight. An eye doctor places a tiny dose of medicine inside the eye to stop the unusual blood vessels from growing. It takes minutes. Because the ROP can return weeks or months later, the eye exams go on longer afterward, often well past going home.
Learn MoreA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye with a light and a lens. It repeats every week or few weeks until the blood vessels there finish growing, so the rare case that needs treatment is found in time. It is uncomfortable for a few minutes.
Learn MoreA treatment for retinopathy of prematurity that has reached the point where it could harm sight. While your baby is asleep under anesthesia or deep sedation, an eye doctor uses a laser through the pupil to treat the outer edge of the retina, so the unusual blood vessels stop growing. It takes about an hour and has been used for decades.
Learn MoreA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between breaths. It replaces the coating a baby born early has not yet made enough of, and it often makes breathing easier within hours.
Learn MoreCooling therapy lowers a newborn's body temperature to a set level for three days to protect the brain after a lack of oxygen around birth. It works best when it starts within six hours of birth, which is why the team moves quickly, and it ends with a slow, careful warming back to normal.
Learn MoreA program at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies for the earliest-born babies, from 22 weeks of pregnancy. Neonatologists and maternal-fetal medicine specialists plan your baby's care with you, starting before the birth when there is time.
Learn MoreComplete nutrition given through a vein, for a newborn who cannot yet take enough milk. Sugar, protein, fats, salts, vitamins and minerals go straight into the blood, so growth can continue while the gut matures or heals. As milk feeds increase, the team turns it down, step by step, until milk feeds supply everything.
Learn MoreA condition of identical twins who share one placenta, where blood flows unevenly from one twin to the other. It is found and treated in pregnancy. After birth, one twin may need more blood and the other less, and both are watched closely. Neonatal teams care for both babies and follow them after they go home.
Learn MoreNo pages match. Clear a filter or try another word.
The conditions our neonatal teams care for in newborns, from babies born early or small to breathing, feeding and jaundice. Each page explains what the condition is, what it means for your baby and how our teams care for it.
Differences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common, and most have no known cause. Neonatal, fetal care and children's specialty teams care for each kind, from a small difference to one that needs surgery.
Learn MoreA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer, while monitors watch breathing, heart rate and oxygen. It shows the team how your baby does in the seat's tilted position before the first trip in the car.
Learn MorePrenatal and postpartum care that comes to you: a mobile clinic, visits by video and doula support.
Learn MoreSpecialists for a pregnancy that needs more: a condition in the mother, a diagnosis in the baby, or a history to watch.
Learn MoreAn opening in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth, or both, that forms before birth. Feeding takes special care at first, surgery closes the lip and palate in the first year or so, and hearing, speech and teeth are followed as your child grows. Most children with a cleft do well.
Learn MoreA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it ranges from a small hole that closes alone to a heart that needs surgery in the first days. Pediatric heart and neonatal teams care for children with the kinds of heart defects listed on this page.
Learn MoreCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby does all the breathing; the pressure holds the lungs open between breaths so each one takes less work. It is one of the most common kinds of breathing help in a NICU.
Learn MoreA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU and measured against your baby's corrected age. It finds anything that needs help while it is small, so help can start early, and tells you plainly where your baby stands.
Learn MoreECMO is heart and lung support outside the body. A machine adds oxygen to a newborn's blood and returns it, so the lungs, and sometimes the heart, can rest and heal. It is offered to the sickest babies when every other treatment has been tried, and it is used for days to weeks.
Learn MoreA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are cared for in a NICU built for the smallest newborns, and the care continues after they go home, with growth and development followed through the first years. Neonatal teams in a NICU care for them.
Learn MoreFor a baby whose condition is found before birth: one team diagnoses it, treats it where that helps, and plans the birth.
Learn MoreThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature, feeding and weight gain are on track, the last checks are finished, you feel able to care for your baby, and the first visits with your pediatrician and follow-up teams are booked.
Learn MoreSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight check, and usually improves once the cause is found and feeds are adjusted. Pediatric, newborn and nutrition teams build the plan with you.
Learn MoreHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the nose at a faster flow than ordinary oxygen. It makes breathing easier for a newborn or young child who is working hard, with no mask and no breathing tube.
Learn MoreA gas the body makes on its own, given in a small measured amount through the ventilator to relax tight blood vessels in a newborn's lungs. More blood can then reach the lungs to pick up oxygen while the baby recovers. It is used in a NICU, with the team watching closely.
Learn MoreHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is part of your baby's care: it helps keep your baby warm, supports breathing, sleep and feeding, and puts you at the center of the work your baby is doing.
Learn MoreHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU, starting and keeping a milk supply by pumping until your baby can feed at the breast. Lactation consultants and nurses work with you from the first hours, and the plan fits your baby, your body and your family.
Learn MoreSepsis is a serious infection that has spread through a newborn's blood. It can start in the first days after birth or weeks later, most often in a baby born early. Neonatal teams care for it.
Learn MoreA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower growth before birth, or both. Small babies need extra help with warmth, feeding and growth. Neonatal teams care for them and follow their growth after you go home.
Learn MoreA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of breathing while the lungs heal or grow. It is one of the most common treatments in a NICU, and the team turns it down as your baby needs less.
Learn MoreIf you have more breast milk than your baby needs, you can donate it at an Orlando Health milk depot. A nonprofit milk bank screens every donor and pasteurizes every batch, and the milk goes to premature and sick babies. Your extra milk can be the next feed for a baby in a NICU.
Learn MoreAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the bowel wall can be damaged. Most babies are treated by resting the bowel, with nutrition and antibiotics through an IV; some need surgery. Neonatal and pediatric surgery teams care for it together.
Learn MoreNeonatal meningitis is an infection of the layers that cover a newborn's brain and spinal cord, usually spreading there from the blood. It is treated with two to three weeks of IV antibiotics, followed by hearing and development checks. Neonatal teams treat it in the NICU and follow your baby after discharge.
Learn MoreA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks whether sound travels from the ear along the hearing nerve. A "refer" result means your baby needs a full hearing test, which is planned by 3 months.
Learn MoreA quick hearing screen in which a soft probe rests in your baby's ear and listens for the faint echo a healthy inner ear makes. It is painless and often done during sleep. If it does not pass, the team rescreens, sometimes with a second kind of test, and arranges a full hearing test if needed.
Learn MoreYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half of babies have it, and most need only frequent feeds and a check or two. Newborn nurseries check every baby before going home and treat the few who need bili lights.
Learn MoreA few drops of blood from your baby's heel, collected on a paper card a day or two after birth and checked by the state laboratory for dozens of rare conditions that can be treated before signs appear. Results take a few days and are usually normal. An out-of-range result means a second test, and often that test is normal too.
Learn MoreStays with your baby after the NICU, checking growth and development at set points through the first years.
Learn MoreTreatment with a special blue light that lowers the bilirubin causing your baby's jaundice. Your baby lies under or on the light in a diaper and eye shields for a day or two, sometimes longer, with breaks to feed. It keeps the level from climbing high enough to harm the brain.
Learn MorePlacenta accreta spectrum means the placenta has grown too deeply into the wall of the uterus. It is often found on ultrasound before birth, so the delivery can be planned ahead with an experienced team and blood ready. At Orlando Health, the Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine plans that delivery with you.
Learn MoreA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help; some arrive months early and need intensive care. Neonatal teams care for premature babies in the NICU and follow your baby's growth and development after you go home.
Learn MoreWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help works best when it starts early, and developmental teams follow children born early through their first years, beside your pediatrician.
Learn MoreA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep their tiny air sacs open. It is treated in a NICU with breathing support and, for some babies, surfactant medicine. Neonatal teams care for it from the first hour.
Learn MoreAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it clears by itself. Regular eye exams in the NICU find the kind that needs treatment in time, and an eye doctor follows your child's sight as they grow.
Learn MoreMedicine for retinopathy of prematurity that has grown serious enough to threaten sight. An eye doctor places a tiny dose of medicine inside the eye to stop the unusual blood vessels from growing. It takes minutes. Because the ROP can return weeks or months later, the eye exams go on longer afterward, often well past going home.
Learn MoreA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye with a light and a lens. It repeats every week or few weeks until the blood vessels there finish growing, so the rare case that needs treatment is found in time. It is uncomfortable for a few minutes.
Learn MoreA treatment for retinopathy of prematurity that has reached the point where it could harm sight. While your baby is asleep under anesthesia or deep sedation, an eye doctor uses a laser through the pupil to treat the outer edge of the retina, so the unusual blood vessels stop growing. It takes about an hour and has been used for decades.
Learn MoreA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between breaths. It replaces the coating a baby born early has not yet made enough of, and it often makes breathing easier within hours.
Learn MoreCooling therapy lowers a newborn's body temperature to a set level for three days to protect the brain after a lack of oxygen around birth. It works best when it starts within six hours of birth, which is why the team moves quickly, and it ends with a slow, careful warming back to normal.
Learn MoreA program at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies for the earliest-born babies, from 22 weeks of pregnancy. Neonatologists and maternal-fetal medicine specialists plan your baby's care with you, starting before the birth when there is time.
Learn MoreComplete nutrition given through a vein, for a newborn who cannot yet take enough milk. Sugar, protein, fats, salts, vitamins and minerals go straight into the blood, so growth can continue while the gut matures or heals. As milk feeds increase, the team turns it down, step by step, until milk feeds supply everything.
Learn MoreA condition of identical twins who share one placenta, where blood flows unevenly from one twin to the other. It is found and treated in pregnancy. After birth, one twin may need more blood and the other less, and both are watched closely. Neonatal teams care for both babies and follow them after they go home.
Learn MoreNo pages match. Clear a filter or try another word.
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help; some arrive months early and need intensive care. Neonatal teams care for premature babies in the NICU and follow your baby's growth and development after you go home.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The call that the baby is coming now, weeks before anyone was ready. The first look at a baby smaller than you imagined, under clear plastic, with wires and the soft hum of machines. Neonatal teams meet parents in that moment.
A baby is premature, or preterm, when born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy; parents often say "preemie." A baby born early moves in before the wiring and plumbing are done, and the NICU, the neonatal intensive care unit, supports the lungs, brain, gut, eyes and warmth meanwhile.
You are part of a team with neonatologists, the doctors who specialize in newborns, and the nurses and therapists beside them. What prematurity means depends on how early your baby arrived and their health at birth, so this page covers the whole range.
About 1 in 10 babies in the United States is born preterm. More than 7 in 10 arrive between 34 and 36 weeks, called late preterm. The earliest babies, born before about 28 weeks, need the most help for the longest time.
Survival has improved greatly. Complications are more likely the earlier and smaller a baby is, yet no one can predict one baby's future from the week or weight alone. Your baby's neonatologist can tell you what the team watches for.
November is Prematurity Awareness Month · Orlando Health, YouTube
Most of what looks different is expected: a small, lean body; thin, shiny skin with veins showing; fine body hair; loose muscles; uneven breathing with pauses; and trouble coordinating sucking, swallowing and breathing.
In the NICU, alarms sound often, and most mean "take a look." Breathing pauses have their own page, apnea of prematurity. The team watches for breathing trouble, infection, low blood sugar, jaundice, anemia, a swollen belly, bleeding in the brain and eye changes. If anything looks different to you, tell the nurse.
These lists are for after your baby comes home.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
Most of the time, no one can say why a baby came early. Labor may start on its own, the waters may break early, or an early delivery may be safest for mother or baby, as with preeclampsia. This is not something you caused.
Preterm birth is more likely with:
Many babies come early to mothers with none of these; the list is no judgment on you.
There is no way to prevent every preterm birth. For a future pregnancy, early prenatal care, no smoking, alcohol or drugs, and 18 months or more between pregnancies lower the chance. Talk with your obstetrician before another pregnancy; some women are offered extra monitoring or a stitch supporting the cervix. Our maternal-fetal medicine team cares for higher-risk pregnancies.
Prematurity is diagnosed from the weeks of pregnancy completed at birth. The team checks for early-birth problems.
Babies go home once they breathe without support, feed by mouth, stay warm in an open crib and gain steadily, which can take weeks or months.
Incubator (isolette) care keeps your baby warm. Kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care places your baby against your bare chest, and it is care you give. Developmental positioning care supports curled positions like those in the womb.
Feeding builds from tiny amounts of milk through a thin tube, trophic feeding, to fuller tube feeding, raised slowly to protect the gut. Your own milk is the best food for a baby born early, with donor milk when yours is not yet enough; lactation support helps you pump from the first days. Bolus and continuous tube feeding set the pace; feeding therapy and non-nutritive sucking prepare your baby to eat by mouth. Occupational therapy, physical therapy and infant massage support development; an infant sleep study can check breathing before discharge.
Surfactant replacement therapy helps the air sacs stay open in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn. Caffeine therapy steadies breathing pauses. The earliest babies are first fed through a vein with total parenteral nutrition. A blood transfusion treats anemia of prematurity, and phototherapy treats jaundice. Other treatments include inhaled nitric oxide, platelet transfusion, vitamin K, IV fluids and IV antibiotics, guided by a blood culture, through a peripheral IV or PICC line.
Breathing help runs from high-flow nasal cannula oxygen and CPAP through soft nasal prongs to mechanical ventilation through a tube in the windpipe, stepping down as the lungs mature. Care can begin with newborn resuscitation and positive pressure ventilation, and can include oscillatory ventilation or chest physiotherapy.
Delayed cord clamping, sucrose for procedures, a hepatitis B vaccine and a newborn echocardiogram are common before going home.
Your baby's plan is individual and made with the care team.
Use corrected age. Subtract the weeks born early from your baby's age since birth. A baby born 8 weeks early is expected at four months to do what a two-month-old does.
Keep the follow-up visits. Checks of growth and development at set points find a delay while it is small; see developmental assessment for NICU graduates. Your pediatrician stays at the center of your baby's care.
Guard against colds. Breathing infections are the top reason premature babies return to the hospital, so wash hands and keep sick visitors away.
Some effects last. Children born early have a higher chance of breathing problems, cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and vision or hearing problems, rising the earlier the birth. Prematurity-related developmental delay has its own page, and follow-up catches these early.
Send this page to the family before the grandparents visit, so the corrected-age question gets answered once and the visit goes to the baby.
Bring back what has changed: feeding, weight, sleep, breathing during colds, and anything behind for your baby's corrected age. The items in When to Get Help Now do not wait.
Almost certainly not. Most preterm births have no findable cause.
Until your baby meets the goals under Treatment Options. Many go home near their original due date.
For development, through the first two years. Vaccines follow a different rule, so ask your pediatrician.
Many grow and develop well, especially those born closer to term. Some need extra help, which follow-up finds early.
Be there when you can, hold your baby skin to skin when the team says it is safe, pump your milk if able, and join rounds.
Neonatologists treat premature babies, with nurses, therapists and pediatric specialists beside them.
Neonatologists care for a baby born before 37 weeks, from the first NICU days to follow-up after discharge.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric lung specialists and pediatric eye doctors follow the lungs and eyes of babies born early.
Learn More About PediatricsA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help...
Learn More About Prematurity-Related Developmental DelayA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A few drops of blood from your baby's heel, collected on a paper card a day or two after birth and checked by the state...
Learn More About Newborn Metabolic and Genetic Screening (Heel Stick)A check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Related conditions: Low birth weight · Extremely low birth weight · Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · Retinopathy of prematurity · Necrotizing enterocolitis · Intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants
Our NICU Development Clinic sees babies at set points through the first years, and our pediatric specialists follow the conditions that need longer care.
About NICU Follow-Up VisitsA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower growth before birth, or both. Small babies need extra help with warmth, feeding and growth. Neonatal teams care for them and follow their growth after you go home.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The number read out after the birth, and the pause that follows it. A baby who fits in two hands, wrapped and capped, weighed every morning. Neonatal teams see how much that daily number comes to mean to parents.
Low birth weight means a baby weighed less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces (2,500 grams) at birth. Some parents simply say "a small baby." A baby's body fat works like a pantry and a blanket at once: it keeps them warm and gives them something to draw on between feeds. A low-birth-weight baby arrives with a smaller pantry and a thinner blanket, so in the first weeks warmth, regular feeds and daily weighing make up the difference.
How much help your baby needs depends on how small they are, how early they arrived, and why. Some need a short time of extra care; the smallest need intensive care for weeks. This page covers that range.
Low birth weight is a measure of size at birth, whatever the week. About 1 in 12 babies in the United States is born with low birth weight, and more than half of twins, triplets and other multiples are.
There are two routes to it, and a baby can take both. A baby born before 37 weeks had less time to grow; see prematurity. A baby who grew more slowly before birth is small for gestational age, meaning small for their week. The smallest babies, under about 2 pounds, 3 ounces (1,000 grams), have their own page: extremely low birth weight.
The size is the sign. What a small body finds hard in the first days is staying warm, keeping blood sugar up, and feeding well enough to grow. Small babies are also more likely to have breathing problems, infections and jaundice. A baby who is small because of an early birth also meets the challenges of prematurity.
In the hospital you will see your baby kept warm, heel-prick blood sugar tests, and a daily weigh-in. A little weight loss in the first days, mostly water, is expected. Tell the team anything you notice.
These lists are for after your baby comes home.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
A baby has low birth weight because they were born early, because something slowed their growth before birth, or both. Slower growth can come from the placenta, the organ that brings the baby oxygen and food, from the mother's health, from a condition in the baby, or simply from having small parents. This is not something you caused.
Across many pregnancies, low birth weight is more likely with:
Many small babies are born to mothers with none of these. For what lowers the chance in a future pregnancy, see the prevention section of our prematurity page.
The weight at birth is the diagnosis. The team then plots it against the week of birth on a growth chart, which shows whether your baby is small for an early arrival, small for their week, or both. Your pregnancy ultrasounds may already have shown slower growth.
In the first days the team checks:
The team decides when your baby is ready to move from the incubator to an open crib.
Incubator (isolette) care keeps your baby warm in a heated, enclosed bed. Kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care warms your baby against your bare chest, and it is care you give.
Feeding is the center of the plan. Your own milk is the best food for a small baby, with donor milk when yours is not yet enough, and lactation support helps you pump and, later, breastfeed. A baby too small or too tired to feed by mouth gets milk through a thin tube in the nose or mouth, tube feeding. Many small babies need extra calories and minerals added to breast milk, or a special formula.
Occupational therapy, physical therapy and infant massage support development. Before discharge your baby has car seat tolerance screening, a hearing screening and a hepatitis B vaccine, and a very small baby may need a retinopathy of prematurity eye exam.
The smallest or sickest babies may be fed through a vein at first with total parenteral nutrition. Low blood sugar that feeding does not fix is treated with IV dextrose therapy. Phototherapy treats jaundice when it is needed.
A baby who needs breathing help may start with CPAP or high-flow oxygen. A small baby who was also born early may be given caffeine therapy for pauses in breathing.
Your baby's plan is individual, and you make it with the care team.
Growth is what you will watch. Expect regular weight checks after you go home; the team will give you your baby's target. Write the weights down and bring the list.
Follow the feeding plan. If your baby goes home on fortified milk or a special formula, keep to the recipe the team gave you until they change it.
Keep the checkups. Babies born small have a higher chance of delays in movement and social skills and of learning difficulties, and early help makes a difference. Follow-up after the NICU tracks development; see developmental assessment for NICU graduates. Checkups through childhood also watch blood pressure and growth, because some studies link low birth weight with health later in life.
Put the weight list where anyone who helps will see it. Each person who asks how your baby is growing then sees the same trend you and the team are watching.
Bring back the weights, how feeds are going, wet diapers, and anything about movement or responses that worries you. If your baby seems to be falling behind, raise it before the next check. The items in When to Get Help Now do not wait.
No. Prematurity is about the week of birth; low birth weight is about the weight. Many small babies were born early, some were born on time but grew more slowly, and some are both.
Many small babies grow well and catch up over the first years, depending on why they were small. The growth chart at each visit shows the trend.
Gains are small at first, measured in grams a day, and your care team sets the target for your baby's size and age.
A small baby has little body fat to hold heat, and keeping warm uses up calories that should go to growing.
In most cases, yes. You may pump at first, and extra nutrients may be added to your milk.
Pediatricians and newborn nursery teams care for most small babies, and neonatologists join when a baby needs the NICU, with nurses and lactation consultants beside them.
Neonatologists help a baby under 5 pounds, 8 ounces stay warm, feed well and gain weight in the NICU.
Learn More About Neonatal CareA pediatrician follows your small baby's weight and growth after discharge.
Learn More About PediatricsA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight...
Learn More About Growth falteringHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Related conditions: Prematurity · Extremely low birth weight · Large for gestational age · Neonatal hypoglycemia · Neonatal hypothermia · Growth faltering
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are cared for in a NICU built for the smallest newborns, and the care continues after they go home, with growth and development followed through the first years. Neonatal teams in a NICU care for them.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The weight on the card is in grams, smaller than anything you had pictured, and the first touch happens through a porthole in the side of an incubator. That moment is where neonatal teams meet parents.
Extremely low birth weight, which parents also hear as "micro-preemie" or "ELBW," means a baby weighed less than 1,000 grams at birth. A baby this small loses warmth and water through thin skin the way tea cools with the lid off, which is why the incubator keeps the air around your baby warm and moist. It is the smallest end of low birth weight, and most babies this size were also born very early, which our prematurity page explains.
The next days move in small steps: breathing, warmth, the first drops of milk, the first time you hold your baby. Every baby at this size has a different course, so read the parts that fit where your baby is now.
Low birth weight is under 2,500 grams (5 pounds 8 ounces), very low birth weight is under 1,500 grams, and extremely low birth weight is under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces. This smallest band is a small share of all births.
How a baby this small will do cannot be read from the weight or the weeks alone, and your neonatologist talks it through with you using everything the team knows.
In the NICU you will notice thin, shiny skin with veins showing through, fine body hair, very little fat, soft ears, arms and legs that rest loosely, shallow breathing with pauses, and trouble keeping warm. Sucking and swallowing begin later.
The team watches for the problems more common at this size: breathing trouble such as respiratory distress syndrome, apnea of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia; bleeding in the brain or periventricular leukomalacia; a serious bowel illness called necrotizing enterocolitis; infection; anemia of prematurity; jaundice; and an eye condition called retinopathy of prematurity. Monitors and tests find most before they show.
This list is for after your baby comes home.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
A baby is born this small by one of two routes: birth many weeks before the due date, or growth that slowed in the womb, called fetal growth restriction. Some babies have both.
For most babies in a NICU, the reason they were born early or sick is never found. Many parents feel guilt anyway; tell the team.
Each:
Many had none of these.
The diagnosis is the birth weight. The tests that follow look for the problems above:
Incubator (isolette) care keeps your baby warm in a closed, heated bed. Developmental positioning care, NICU holds your baby curled and supported, the way the womb did. Kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care places your baby on your bare chest once the team says your baby is ready.
Tiny amounts of milk start early through a thin tube to the stomach, first as trophic feeding, then as tube feeding, given as bolus or continuous feeds. Your own milk lowers the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, and lactation consultants help you start pumping in the first days. Before going home from the NICU, your baby will have car seat tolerance screening.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newborn and High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy work through small tubes in the nose. Mechanical ventilation, neonatal breathes for a baby through a tube in the windpipe. Newborn resuscitation and positive pressure ventilation begin in the delivery room, and oscillatory ventilation can help when a standard ventilator is not enough.
Surfactant replacement therapy gives the lungs a substance they do not yet make enough of. Caffeine therapy, neonatal helps with pauses in breathing, and Blood transfusion, neonatal treats anemia when it needs treating. Until milk feeds are large enough, nutrition comes through a vein as total parenteral nutrition. IV fluids and platelet transfusion are given as needed, phototherapy treats jaundice, and a PICC line can carry long courses of treatment. An umbilical vein catheter can carry medicines and nutrition in the first days, and an umbilical artery catheter or a peripheral arterial line lets the team watch blood pressure and take blood samples without new sticks.
Occupational therapy, physical therapy and infant massage support development. Your baby also has a hearing screening, the newborn metabolic screen, a hepatitis B vaccine and a newborn echocardiogram. Your baby's care team decides day by day which of these your baby needs.
Corrected age. Through the first two years, count your baby's progress from the due date. A baby born 14 weeks early who is 6 months old by the calendar is working on the skills of a baby about 3 months old.
Follow-up. Follow-up after the NICU includes a developmental assessment at set ages, checking growth and development and starting help early. Your pediatrician stays at the center of your baby's care. Your state's early intervention program offers a free screening from birth to age three, with no referral needed.
Expect more visits. Babies this small are more likely to need a hospital stay again in the first two years. Ask the team about colds, handwashing and visitors.
Keep a list of the questions you have answered ten times beside this page, so when someone new asks, you can point to the answer.
In the NICU, ask at rounds about any word you keep hearing. After you go home, bring to each visit what you have seen: feeding, sleep, breathing, new skills, and anything that has stopped. The items in When to Get Help Now never wait for a visit.
Many do, measured on corrected age, and some stay smaller for a while. Your pediatrician and the follow-up clinic track growth on charts made for babies born early.
It is your baby's age counted from the due date. You use it for growth and milestones through the first two years.
Skin-to-skin holding starts once your baby is stable enough, and the nurses help with every wire. Until then, a hand resting on your baby through the porthole counts.
Some babies born this small have problems with breathing, eyesight, hearing, movement or learning, and many do not. Follow-up visits find anything that appears while it is small.
When your baby breathes without support, feeds by mouth, holds a normal temperature and gains weight. For many babies this small that falls near the original due date.
Neonatologists treat extremely low birth weight, with nurses and respiratory therapists beside them.
Neonatologists care for babies under 1,000 grams in a NICU built for the smallest newborns, then follow them after discharge.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric lung specialists and pediatric eye doctors follow the lungs and eyes of babies born under 1,000 grams.
Learn More About PediatricsA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our NICU Development Clinic sees babies at set points through the first years, and our pediatric specialists follow the conditions that need longer care.
About NICU Follow-Up VisitsA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep their tiny air sacs open. It is treated in a NICU with breathing support and, for some babies, surfactant medicine. Neonatal teams care for it from the first hour.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The grunt at the end of every breath. The warmer your baby went to before you could hold them. A word, surfactant, that nobody had said to you before today. Neonatal teams meet parents in these first hours, and the first question is nearly always whether the breathing will get better.
Respiratory distress syndrome, or RDS, happens when a newborn's lungs have not yet made enough surfactant, a slippery coating on the inside of the tiny air sacs. Picture thousands of small balloons. Surfactant keeps each one from sticking shut when your baby breathes out. Without enough of it, every breath means blowing up a flat balloon from the start, which is tiring work for a very small body.
You may also hear hyaline membrane disease, the older name for the same condition. Some charts say surfactant deficiency, which names the cause.
This page is written for you, the parent. Expect the breathing to need the most help over the first two to four days, then to ease slowly. A baby born months early can need support for much longer, and this page covers that range.
RDS is a common lung condition in babies born early. A baby starts making surfactant from about 26 weeks of pregnancy and usually has enough by 34 to 36 weeks. Nearly every baby born before 28 weeks has RDS, and it is uncommon at full term. With treatment, most babies recover.
The signs usually appear within minutes of birth, and sometimes over the first several hours.
In the NICU, the monitor shows your baby's oxygen level, heart rate and breathing rate, and the team watches those numbers, the blood gases and the X-ray at every hour.
These lists are for home after discharge, and for any baby born outside a hospital.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
RDS is caused by a shortage of surfactant in lungs that have not finished developing. In a few babies born at full term, a difference in the genes that make surfactant is the cause.
Each:
Prevention happens during pregnancy, including a future one.
Both lower the risk without removing it; talk them through with your obstetric team.
The team reads the timing of the birth, the breathing signs and a few tests together.
Treatment supports your baby's breathing until the lungs make enough surfactant of their own.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newborn sends a constant flow of air through prongs or a mask at the nose to keep the air sacs open between breaths. Others get warmed, humidified oxygen through High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy.
When a baby needs more help, Mechanical ventilation, neonatal breathes for the baby through a tube in the windpipe. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation, neonatal is one kind.
The smallest babies may need help to start breathing in the delivery room, with Newborn resuscitation and Positive pressure ventilation, newborn.
Surfactant replacement therapy places surfactant directly into the airway, through a breathing tube or a thin tube placed for a few minutes. The team will talk with you about its benefits and risks. Antibiotics are often started while infection tests are pending (Newborn IV antibiotic therapy) and stopped if they are clear. Caffeine therapy, neonatal helps the earliest babies come off the breathing tube and stay off.
Your baby is kept warm in Incubator (isolette) care, handled gently and fed through an IV while breathing is hard work (IV fluid therapy, neonatal). Chest physiotherapy may be added as the lungs recover. To watch blood gases and blood pressure without new sticks, the team may place an umbilical artery catheter or a peripheral arterial line.
Which of these your baby needs depends on how early they were born and how their lungs respond. The plan is made for your baby, with you.
In the NICU you can join the daily rounds with the specialists. Ask what changed overnight, what the team is watching today and what would mean a step down in support.
What comes after RDS depends mostly on how early your baby was born; our pages on prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia cover the longer road some babies take. Babies who qualify are referred for follow-up of development through the first years, alongside your pediatrician.
RDS comes from where your baby's lungs were in their growth on the day of the birth. Several risk factors above, such as an early cesarean, are decisions made to keep a mother or baby safe.
Once a baby begins making their own surfactant, RDS usually resolves within about four to five days. Babies born very early can need help for weeks.
Many babies recover without lasting lung problems. A baby still needing breathing support at their original due date is diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, more likely the earlier the birth. The team also watches for air leaking around the lung, a pneumothorax.
Ask your baby's nurse. Many babies on breathing support can be held skin to skin once stable, through Kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care.
A baby whose brother or sister had RDS has a higher risk. Tell your obstetric team in a future pregnancy; the steps under Prevention, above, lower the risk.
Neonatologists treat respiratory distress syndrome, with NICU nurses and respiratory therapists at your baby's side and pediatric lung specialists after discharge when needed.
Neonatologists support a newborn's breathing with CPAP or a ventilator and give surfactant until the lungs make their own.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric lung specialists and your pediatrician follow your baby's breathing once the NICU stay ends.
Learn More About PediatricsA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between...
Learn More About Surfactant Replacement TherapyHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half of babies have it, and most need only frequent feeds and a check or two. Newborn nurseries check every baby before going home and treat the few who need bili lights.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
Day three, often the first night home, and the yellow that rested on the cheeks yesterday seems to have reached the chest. Newborn teams hear from parents at exactly this point, and most of the time the answer is a check, more feeds and a baby who is fine.
Newborn jaundice is yellow color in the skin and the whites of the eyes from bilirubin, a yellow substance left over when the body replaces old red blood cells. Before birth the placenta cleared it. After birth your baby's liver takes over the job, and it needs a few days to find its pace.
You may hear neonatal jaundice, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or "bili," or have searched severe newborn jaundice: very high jaundice is what the checks below are for, and the rare brain injury it can cause has its own page, kernicterus.
This page is for you, the parent. Expect a bilirubin check before you leave the hospital, a doctor visit a day or two after, and a lot of feeds; some babies also need a day or two under blue lights.
More than half of newborns have some jaundice in the first week, babies born early more often, and most of it fades without treatment. It comes in three ordinary kinds:
The yellow starts on the face and moves down to the chest, belly and legs as the level rises; the whites of the eyes may turn yellow too. In daylight, press a fingertip on the forehead or nose; skin that shows yellow as you lift it is jaundice. On darker skin, check the whites of the eyes and the gums. Yellow in the first 24 hours, or yellow that first appears after two weeks, is outside the ordinary pattern and gets checked.
In the NICU, the team watches the level, how fast it changes, temperature, feeds and alertness.
These lists are for home, after discharge.
A baby who is hard to wake belongs on the 911 list. When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
In the first days a newborn's red blood cells turn over fast, the liver is still getting up to speed, and feeding is still getting established.
Some causes make jaundice come earlier or run higher: a blood type mismatch, which is hemolytic disease of the newborn; G6PD deficiency; bleeding under the scalp from the birth (Cephalohematoma); extra red blood cells, as in neonatal polycythemia; and infection.
Jaundice that lasts for weeks with pale stools can come from the liver or bile ducts, a different condition with its own page, prolonged neonatal jaundice.
Jaundice is more likely to need treatment when:
None of these is something a parent did.
Nurses look at your baby's color at least every 8 to 12 hours in the first two days. Every baby also has a newborn bilirubin level check before going home, usually at 24 to 48 hours: a skin meter first, and a heel-prick blood test when the reading is high, read on a chart for your baby's age in hours.
When jaundice comes early or runs high, blood tests look for a cause: both blood types, a Coombs antibody test, a complete blood count and a reticulocyte count.
Every baby sees a doctor within one to two days of going home, because bilirubin often peaks after discharge.
Treatment depends on the level, how fast it is rising, your baby's age in hours and how early your baby was born.
Feeding often comes first, because bilirubin leaves in stool: 8 to 12 breastfeeds a day early on. If the latch or your supply is the trouble, lactation support helps. Some babies get formula or expressed milk added for a while.
Phototherapy, the bili lights, shines blue light on bare skin and changes bilirubin into a form the body can pass. The phototherapy page covers how long it runs, the breaks to feed and hold your baby, and the home option.
Rarely, a baby who is not taking in enough gets IV fluid therapy for a short time.
When bilirubin keeps climbing toward a dangerous level despite intensive phototherapy, or your baby shows early signs that bilirubin is affecting the brain, an exchange transfusion replaces your baby's blood with donor blood, a little at a time, bringing the level down within hours. It is rare and happens in intensive care, such as the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Watch the color in daylight daily, from the face down, and count diapers against the same-day list.
Keep the follow-up visit, booked before you leave the hospital. Your pediatrician leads your baby's care from here.
If phototherapy comes home, the phototherapy page covers the feeding schedule, the daily blood test and the nurse visit.
Skip the sunny window, which is not a safe treatment. If anyone in the family has G6PD deficiency, ask the team what to keep away from your baby.
Before the first night home, whoever takes the 3 a.m. feed reads the lists above.
Bring your diaper count, how feeds are going, and where you have been seeing yellow. Ask what the last bilirubin number was and when the next check is. Anything on the same-day list is a call before the next visit.
No. Feeding more often usually brings the level down, and with breast milk jaundice, breastfeeding continues. If extra milk is needed for a few days, the team talks it through with you.
No. Water and sugar water fill the stomach without moving bilirubin out, and they cut milk intake.
Most formula-fed babies clear within two weeks. A breastfed baby who is feeding and gaining well can stay a little yellow for a month or more, which is usually harmless. Tell your baby's doctor about yellow still there at two weeks.
Usually not; ordinary jaundice means the liver is still catching up. Jaundice that lasts for weeks, or comes with pale stools, gets a test that looks at the liver and bile ducts.
The chance is higher if this baby needed light treatment, so tell the next baby's care team and the checks start early.
Most babies are cared for in the newborn nursery where they were born. Neonatologists treat the few who need more, and your baby's pediatrician takes over at home.
Neonatologists run intensive phototherapy or an exchange transfusion when newborn bilirubin keeps climbing.
Learn More About Neonatal CareYour baby's pediatrician sees your baby a day or two after discharge, when jaundice often peaks.
Learn More About PediatricsA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA condition of identical twins who share one placenta, where blood flows unevenly from one twin to the other. It is found...
Learn More About Twin-to-twin transfusion syndromeHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornTreatment with a special blue light that lowers the bilirubin causing your baby's jaundice. Your baby lies under or on the...
Learn More About Phototherapy, NewbornWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Related conditions: Kernicterus · Hemolytic disease of the newborn · Neonatal polycythemia · Prematurity · Prolonged neonatal jaundice · Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency · Cephalohematoma
Our pediatricians see newborns across Central Florida, from the first checkup after the hospital.
Find a PediatricianA condition of identical twins who share one placenta, where blood flows unevenly from one twin to the other. It is found and treated in pregnancy. After birth, one twin may need more blood and the other less, and both are watched closely. Neonatal teams care for both babies and follow them after they go home.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
Two babies born minutes apart, one small and pale, the other larger and flushed red, each in a separate bed with a separate set of monitors. Neonatal teams meet twins like these and their parents, usually after months of scans and appointments that began long before the birth.
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, also called TTTS or twin-twin transfusion syndrome, happens only to identical twins who share one placenta. Blood vessels in the shared placenta connect the two babies' blood supplies. Think of two houses on one water line with a pipe joining them: when the flow tips one way, one house gets too much water and the other too little. In TTTS, the twin who loses blood is called the donor, and the twin who receives it is the recipient.
This page is for you, the parent, about what your twins face after birth. What your babies need depends on how early they arrived and how much the shared blood flow affected each one, so this page covers the whole range.
It affects a minority of identical twin pregnancies that share a placenta. Both babies are affected, in opposite ways: one has too little blood and the other too much. Twins with this condition are often born early, so most also face the challenges of prematurity.
Care in pregnancy has improved survival and lowered the chance of complications such as brain injury. When the condition is mild, both babies often recover fully. When it is severe, one twin may not survive. A related condition of shared-placenta twins, twin anemia-polycythemia sequence, has its own page.
At birth the twins often look different from each other.
Identical twins of unequal size are called discordant twins.
In the NICU, the team watches each twin's breathing, feeding and warmth, and checks the heart, the brain, the kidneys and the blood count. Recipient twins in particular can have heart changes, such as thickened heart walls, a leaky valve or a narrowed valve to the lungs. Your twins may be in the same room or in different units, and the nurses will help you be with both.
These lists are for after your babies come home.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
Every shared placenta has blood vessels connecting the twins. In some pairs, blood begins to move across those connections unevenly, and the syndrome develops. Why it happens in one pair of twins and not another is not fully understood. Nothing you did or did not do caused it.
The one risk factor is being identical twins who share a single placenta, which doctors call monochorionic twins. Twins who each have their own placenta do not develop it. Your obstetric team learns which kind of twin pregnancy you have from an early ultrasound.
The diagnosis is made in pregnancy, by ultrasound. After birth, the team checks how the shared blood flow affected each twin:
Each twin has a separate plan, because the two babies often need opposite help.
A blood transfusion treats anemia by giving donor red blood cells through an IV. IV fluid therapy replaces fluids while feeding builds.
When there is too much blood, the team may reduce the volume, sometimes with an exchange transfusion, which removes some of the baby's blood and replaces it. Medicines can help a strained heart pump, inotropic medication, and the heart team follows any valve changes.
Babies born early may need breathing support, from CPAP through soft nasal prongs to mechanical ventilation, along with warmth, tube feeding and the rest of premature baby care. The earliest and sickest twins are cared for in the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Your twins' plans are individual, and you make them with the care team.
Two babies, two timelines. Your twins may come home on different days, at different weights, with different follow-up. A separate note for each baby's feeds, weights and appointments keeps the two straight.
Development follow-up for both. TTTS raises the chance of problems with movement, learning or development, and a clear brain scan or a later birth does not rule them out, so both twins are followed. The NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital checks growth and development at set points after the NICU, and babies leaving an Orlando Health NICU are referred as part of discharge. See the developmental assessment for NICU graduates. Use corrected age for milestones if your twins were born early.
Heart checkups. A recipient twin with heart changes at birth may need visits with a heart doctor, and sometimes treatment, after going home.
If one twin died. Caring for one baby while grieving the other is one of the hardest things a family can face. Our teams can connect you with support for that grief, at your pace. (see grief and bereavement counseling)
Post this page in the thread where family asks for twin updates. It explains why one baby is smaller and why they may come home apart, so your updates can be about the babies.
At each visit, bring each twin's feeding, weight and breathing, and anything that seems behind for that baby's corrected age. Bring the heart team's notes to the pediatrician, and the pediatrician's questions to the heart team. Comparing twins is natural; if one twin seems to be falling behind the other, say so. The items in When to Get Help Now never wait for a visit.
No. It comes from the blood vessels in a shared placenta, which nobody can change.
Many twins grow well after birth, and your pediatrician and the Development Clinic follow each one's growth on its own chart. Being small at birth is one of the things doctors watch closely.
Before birth, blood moved from one twin to the other through the shared placenta. One baby was left with too little, and the other received too much, so each needs the opposite help.
Many do well. TTTS does raise the chance of developmental problems, which is why both twins are followed after the NICU and help starts early if it is needed.
Before birth, the Fetal Care Center and the Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. After birth, our neonatologists and NICU teams, then your pediatrician and the Development Clinic, with the heart team where needed. The teams plan the handoff together.
Before birth, the condition is found by ultrasound, and maternal-fetal medicine specialists care for it. After birth, neonatologists care for both babies, with pediatric blood specialists and heart doctors joining where a twin needs them.
Neonatologists care for both twins after birth, treating the donor's anemia and the recipient's extra blood.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric blood specialists help manage the donor twin's anemia and the recipient twin's thick blood after birth.
Learn More About PediatricsMaternal-fetal specialists find shared-placenta twin transfusion by ultrasound and plan the twins' delivery.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half...
Learn More About Newborn JaundiceCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Related conditions: Prematurity · Neonatal polycythemia · Low birth weight
Care teams: Fetal Care Center · Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine · NICU Development Clinic
When a condition is found before birth, our fetal care and maternal-fetal medicine teams meet you during the pregnancy and plan the birth with the NICU team.
Talk With a Fetal Care SpecialistPlan Your Birth With UsSepsis is a serious infection that has spread through a newborn's blood. It can start in the first days after birth or weeks later, most often in a baby born early. Neonatal teams care for it.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A nurse mentions more breathing pauses overnight and a feed still undigested in the stomach. By midmorning a blood sample is on its way to the lab and an antibiotic is running through the IV. Neonatal teams act this fast whenever sepsis is possible, and the speed itself can be the frightening part.
Neonatal sepsis is an infection that has spread through a newborn's bloodstream and set off a whole-body reaction. You may hear it called a newborn blood infection. Doctors name it by when it starts. Early-onset sepsis begins in the first three days after birth, usually from germs met before or during delivery; late-onset sepsis begins after that, often in a baby who has spent weeks in the NICU. The signs, the tests and the first treatment are the same, so this page covers both.
The team treats possible sepsis the way a family answers a smoke alarm at night: everyone gets out of the house first, and the search for the fire comes after. Antibiotics start on the first signs, because a blood culture takes one to three days to answer.
Bacteria cause most sepsis in newborns; viruses and a yeast called Candida cause some. The infection can stay in the blood or reach the lungs, the lining of the brain, or the bones and joints.
Sepsis is uncommon in babies born at term. Babies born early are at much higher risk of both kinds, because their immune systems are still developing and they missed the protective antibodies that pass from the mother late in pregnancy. Late-onset sepsis can also start at home, through about three months of age.
Many babies with sepsis recover completely, and treatment started early leads to better outcomes.
The signs in a newborn can be small and easy to miss. You may see:
In the NICU, sepsis often shows as a change: more breathing pauses or drops in heart rate, more oxygen or breathing support, feeds that stop agreeing with your baby, or a temperature the incubator works harder to hold. If your baby seems different to you, tell the nurse.
These lists are for home, after discharge.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
Late-onset sepsis usually comes from the baby's surroundings: germs on hands, equipment and the lines and tubes a NICU baby needs. In US NICUs, staphylococcus bacteria are the most common cause, often linked to a central line; other bacteria and Candida cause some. At home, a baby can catch group B strep from the mother, other children or caregivers.
Early-onset sepsis usually comes from the mother before or during delivery, most often group B strep or E. coli. About 1 in 4 pregnant women have group B strep in the body without any symptoms.
For late-onset sepsis:
For early-onset sepsis:
Late in pregnancy, mothers are tested for group B strep, and those who have it get IV antibiotics in labor. This prevents most early-onset group B strep disease and has no effect on late-onset disease.
In the NICU, hand cleaning before every touch and careful central line care lower late-onset sepsis in the smallest babies. Clean your hands each time you touch your baby, ask visitors to do the same, and keep anyone sick away in the first months.
No single test gives the answer, so the team reads several together.
After a mother has chorioamnionitis or other risks, a baby who looks well may be watched for a day or two, or tested and started on antibiotics.
Newborn IV antibiotic therapy starts as soon as sepsis is suspected and changes once the lab names the germ. When cultures stay negative and your baby is well, antibiotics usually stop after about a day and a half to two days, a little longer for very small babies. When bacteria are found, treatment can last up to three weeks. If herpes simplex is possible, antiviral therapy is added; for Candida, antifungal therapy, sometimes with removal of the line.
Antibiotics go in through a peripheral IV, a small tube in a vein of the hand, foot or scalp. A longer course may use a PICC line, a thin tube threaded to a large vein.
A sicker baby may need IV fluid therapy, breathing help up to mechanical ventilation, medicines to support blood pressure, and a blood transfusion. A baby this sick may have a peripheral arterial line so the team can watch blood pressure closely.
Some babies stop antibiotics after two days, and some need weeks of treatment and intensive care. The plan is built around your baby, with you.
Ask which germ was found, if any, how long the antibiotics will run, and whether a spinal tap was done and what it showed. If your baby was born early, the prematurity follow-up and the NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital stay with your baby after you go home. Anything on the 911 list above is a call now.
Group B strep is common and causes no symptoms in the mother, and late-onset germs come mostly from the baby's surroundings. Sepsis is no one's fault.
A culture takes one to three days, and sepsis can move fast in a newborn. Starting early protects your baby; stopping is easy when the tests come back clear.
Often the signs had another cause, and the antibiotics stop after a couple of days. Sometimes the team keeps treating because your baby's signs fit infection; ask what the plan rests on.
Yes. Late-onset group B strep disease can start up to about three months of age, and the antibiotics in labor give no protection against it. A temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher before three months is a call to 911.
Most babies who recover from sepsis have no lasting problems from it. Meningitis, when present, can leave effects, and babies born very early have development follow-up for that reason.
Neonatologists lead sepsis care, with pediatric infectious disease specialists advising and your baby's pediatrician after discharge.
A baby already home is seen in an emergency department and cared for by pediatric specialists at Orlando Health Children's.
Neonatologists start blood cultures and IV antibiotics at the first signs of sepsis in a newborn, before results return.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric infectious disease specialists advise on the germ and the antibiotics; a pediatrician follows the baby at home.
Learn More About PediatricsNeonatal meningitis is an infection of the layers that cover a newborn's brain and spinal cord, usually spreading there from...
Learn More About Neonatal MeningitisA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Related conditions: Neonatal meningitis · Prematurity · Low birth weight · Omphalitis · Neonatal candidiasis · Neonatal herpes infection · Necrotizing enterocolitis · Sepsis in older infants and children
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportNeonatal meningitis is an infection of the layers that cover a newborn's brain and spinal cord, usually spreading there from the blood. It is treated with two to three weeks of IV antibiotics, followed by hearing and development checks. Neonatal teams treat it in the NICU and follow your baby after discharge.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A baby who fed well two days ago is now hard to wake, runs a temperature, and cries harder when lifted from the crib. Within hours the words "spinal tap" come up, and the plan suddenly runs to weeks. The first questions are usually how this happened and what it will mean later.
Neonatal meningitis is an infection, and the swelling it causes, in the thin layers of tissue that cover a newborn's brain and spinal cord. Those layers wrap the brain the way the thin membrane lines an eggshell, holding fluid that cushions what is inside; when germs reach that space, the swelling can press on the brain and nerves. In a newborn, the germs usually arrive through the blood, so meningitis often comes with sepsis. The germs, signs and treatment differ from meningitis in older children.
Expect weeks of treatment in the hospital, then follow-up visits for hearing and development. Some babies recover fully and some have lasting effects; this page covers the whole range.
Bacterial meningitis in a newborn is uncommon: about 3 in every 10,000 babies born at term, and about 1 in 1,000 babies born small. It is the serious form and the subject of this page. Viruses cause much of the meningitis in the first three months, and most viral cases are milder; herpes simplex is the exception and has its own page, neonatal herpes infection.
With prompt treatment, most babies recover. Some have lasting effects, such as hearing loss, fluid build-up in the brain, or delays in learning and development, which is why follow-up continues into early childhood.
A newborn rarely shows the stiff neck and headache older children have. More often you see the signs of an infection:
In the NICU, the team watches for seizures, the size of the head and the soft spot, feeding, and how quickly your baby improves. A baby who was doing better and then worsens is a sign the team acts on. If your baby seems different to you, tell the nurse.
These lists are for home, after discharge.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
Group B strep is the most common bacterial cause in babies under three months. It can come with sepsis in the first week, and more often it appears later, through about three months of age. E. coli and Listeria are the next most common. In babies with a long NICU stay, hospital germs cause some cases.
About 1 in 4 pregnant women have group B strep in the body without any symptoms, and Listeria comes from food that looks and tastes normal. Neither of these is anyone's doing.
Meningitis is more likely with:
Late in pregnancy, mothers are tested for group B strep, and those who have it get IV antibiotics in labor. This lowers early-onset group B strep disease; group B strep that starts after the first week has no proven prevention yet. During pregnancy, food safety lowers the chance of Listeria; your obstetric team can tell you which foods to skip. Hand cleaning around your baby, at home and in the NICU, lowers the spread of germs.
Newborn IV antibiotic therapy starts before the results return and changes once the lab names the germ. Treatment usually runs at least 14 days, and 21 days or more for some germs or complications. Herpes simplex is treated with antiviral medicine, covered on its own page.
Antibiotics go in through a peripheral IV, a small tube in a vein. For a course this long, many babies get a PICC line, a thin tube threaded to a large vein that can stay in for weeks.
A very sick baby may need IV fluid therapy, breathing support up to mechanical ventilation, and medicine for seizures. Fluid build-up in the brain, hydrocephalus, is watched with brain imaging and has its own page.
Your baby's plan is made for your baby, together with you.
Hearing. Meningitis can damage hearing, so your baby has a hearing test before going home, often an auditory brainstem response test. The team will tell you whether and when to retest.
Head growth. Your pediatrician measures your baby's head at each visit, because fluid build-up can show as a head growing faster than expected.
Development. Follow-up checks continue into early childhood. The NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital checks growth and development at set points; see developmental assessment for NICU graduates. Your pediatrician stays at the center of your baby's care.
Seizures. If your baby had seizures, the neonatal seizures page covers what comes next.
Bring a printed copy of this page to whoever looks after your baby while you are at work. The warning signs and the reason for all the appointments are then in their hands, in writing.
Ask which germ was found, how long treatment will run, what the brain imaging showed, and when the hearing test happens. After discharge, bring back any change in feeding, alertness or head size, and anything that seems behind for your baby's age. Anything on the 911 list above is a call now.
Usually through the blood, from germs met at birth or in the weeks after. Group B strep often lives in the body with no symptoms, so neither parent could have known.
Antibiotics have to reach the fluid around the brain and clear every germ there, and a shorter course risks the infection coming back.
When improvement is slower than expected, a second tap shows whether the fluid is clearing, which guides the antibiotics.
Many babies hear normally. Hearing loss is one of the more common lasting effects, which is why every baby is tested, and found early it can be treated.
Many do. Some have delays or other lasting effects, and no one can predict this for a single baby during the illness. Follow-up into early childhood finds any need early, so help can start then.
Neonatologists lead meningitis care, with pediatric infectious disease specialists advising on the antibiotics and your baby's pediatrician after discharge.
A baby ill at home is seen in an emergency department and cared for at Orlando Health Children's.
Neonatologists run the spinal tap, IV antibiotics and brain watching for a newborn with meningitis, and follow hearing.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric infectious disease specialists advise on the antibiotics; a pediatrician tracks head size and development at home.
Learn More About PediatricsSeizures and fluid build-up in the brain after newborn meningitis are watched and treated with pediatric neurology input.
Learn More About Children's NeuroscienceSepsis is a serious infection that has spread through a newborn's blood. It can start in the first days after birth or weeks...
Learn More About Late-Onset Neonatal SepsisA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Related conditions: Late-onset neonatal sepsis · Neonatal herpes infection · Neonatal seizures · Hydrocephalus · Sensorineural hearing loss · Prematurity · Meningitis in older infants and children
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the bowel wall can be damaged. Most babies are treated by resting the bowel, with nutrition and antibiotics through an IV; some need surgery. Neonatal and pediatric surgery teams care for it together.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A feed that comes back green. A belly rounder at this diaper change than at the last. Feeds paused and an X-ray wheeled to the bedside. The team walks parents through each step as it happens.
Necrotizing enterocolitis, or NEC, is an illness in which the lining of a baby's intestine becomes inflamed and parts of the bowel wall can be damaged or die. Picture the lining of the bowel as a window screen: it lets food through and keeps germs out. In a baby born early the screen is still thin, and when it becomes inflamed, germs can get into the wall of the bowel itself.
In the next days the team rests your baby's bowel and repeats X-rays to watch it heal. Some babies improve within days and some need an operation; this page covers the whole range.
NEC is one of the most common serious bowel illnesses of babies born early. You may also see it described as a premature newborn's intestinal disease, which is the same illness: a condition affecting the intestines of a baby born early.
Mild cases clear with treatment. In severe cases part of the bowel dies, a hole can form, and infection can spread into the belly and the blood.
Spontaneous intestinal perforation is a different illness: a single small hole in the bowel without the inflammation of NEC, usually in the first days of life.
Signs come on slowly or suddenly:
The nurses watch the belly and every diaper, and if anything looks different to you, tell them.
NEC almost always starts in the hospital, in the first weeks of life. A narrowing of the bowel can appear weeks after it, so these lists hold at home through the newborn months.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
No single cause has been found. Several things seem to come together: an immature bowel lining that lets bacteria through, a tendency toward inflammation, an unbalanced mix of gut bacteria, and reduced blood flow to the bowel, usually once feeds are under way. Nothing you did caused it.
Each:
No step prevents every case, and babies fed only human milk can still develop NEC. What lowers the risk:
Every drop of your milk helps, and supply is often outside your control. Probiotics remain an unsettled question in the United States; your baby's team decides.
NEC is diagnosed from the signs together with pictures of the belly.
Feeds stop so the bowel can rest, and a thin tube through the mouth or nose draws air and fluid from the stomach. Fluids go in through a vein with IV fluid therapy, and full nutrition with total parenteral nutrition, often for 10 to 14 days, through a peripheral IV, an umbilical vein catheter or a PICC line.
Once the bowel heals, milk restarts slowly through nasogastric or orogastric tube feeding
Newborn IV antibiotic therapy treats the bacteria that have entered the bowel wall, usually for 10 to 14 days.
Surgery is needed when there is a hole in the bowel, or the bowel worsens despite treatment. A pediatric surgeon joins the team and chooses between two first steps:
The bowel is reconnected weeks or months later, colostomy or ileostomy reversal. Your baby's plan is individual, and you make it with the care team.
Many babies recover with no lasting effects; others need care after discharge.
Watch the belly and the diapers. A narrowing of the bowel, called a stricture, can form as it heals, usually within two to three months, and it is treated with surgery.
Feeding and growth. Feeds can take weeks to build up. A baby who lost a long length of bowel may have short bowel syndrome, which has its own page.
Development. Babies who had NEC have a higher chance of delays in movement, learning, vision or hearing. The NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital checks growth and development at set points, and after surgery a pediatric surgeon and gastroenterologist may follow your baby too.
Hand a printout of this page to anyone who will feed your baby at home. The belly signs in the first list are what a babysitter or grandparent most needs to know.
At the bedside, ask what the latest X-ray showed and what has to happen before feeds restart. After discharge, bring feeding, weight, stools and stoma questions to each visit. The items in When to Get Help Now do not wait.
No. NEC comes from how early and how small a baby is, and from things inside the bowel no parent controls.
Yes, if you are able to. Your milk can be stored, and keeping up your supply means it is there when your baby is ready.
Babies treated without surgery often rest the bowel for 10 to 14 days, then restart slowly; after surgery it can take longer.
Usually weeks or months, until the bowel is ready to be reconnected. The team teaches you its care before you go home.
Many do. Some need extra help with growth or development, and follow-up finds that need early.
Neonatologists lead the care of a baby with NEC, a pediatric surgeon joins when the bowel needs an operation, and pediatric digestive specialists may follow your baby afterward.
Neonatologists rest the bowel, give IV nutrition and antibiotics, and watch X-rays when a baby has NEC.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric surgeons operate when NEC makes a hole in the bowel; pediatric digestive specialists may follow feeding and growth.
Learn More About PediatricsA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightSepsis is a serious infection that has spread through a newborn's blood. It can start in the first days after birth or weeks...
Learn More About Late-Onset Neonatal SepsisSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight...
Learn More About Growth falteringHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornComplete nutrition given through a vein, for a newborn who cannot yet take enough milk. Sugar, protein, fats, salts,...
Learn More About Total Parenteral Nutrition, NeonatalWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Related conditions: Prematurity · Extremely low birth weight · Spontaneous intestinal perforation · Neonatal thrombocytopenia · Short bowel syndrome following newborn intestinal surgery · Feeding intolerance in newborns · Late-onset neonatal sepsis
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight check, and usually improves once the cause is found and feeds are adjusted. Pediatric, newborn and nutrition teams build the plan with you.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The dot on the growth chart has dropped lower than it was last visit. Or, in the NICU, the weight on the whiteboard has stalled for a week. It shows up in babies doing well and in babies recovering from a hard start, and our pediatric and neonatal teams across Central Florida care for both.
Picture the growth chart as a highway with many lanes. Most babies keep to their own lane, high or low, and a low lane can be perfectly healthy. Growth faltering is drifting down across lanes, and the team's job is to find out why and steer back. It is the newer name for what was called failure to thrive.
This page is for you, the parent, whether your baby is a newborn, in the NICU, home after it, or older. What comes next depends on your child's age and the reason, and most of the work happens at home with a clear feeding plan.
In a newborn or young baby, it means gaining weight more slowly than expected in the first weeks or months. In an older baby or child, it means gaining weight or growing more slowly than expected for their age. It means your child is not taking in, absorbing or keeping enough nutrition for their needs right now.
It is common, seen in up to 1 in 10 children. The trend over several visits matters more than any single weight.
For a baby born early, growth is measured by corrected age, counted from the due date, until about age 2.
In the NICU, babies born very early often grow more slowly after birth than they would have before it, especially through illness and long stretches of nutrition by vein. Your baby's team expects this and plans for it.
Usually the weight check is the first sign. You may also notice:
Some weight loss in the first days is expected: no more than about 8 to 10 percent of birth weight, then gaining again.
In the NICU, you will see a daily weight, length and head size measured on a schedule, and the team adjusting what goes into the milk. Ask the nurse to show you the growth chart; the line over weeks tells you more than one morning's number.
This list is for any baby at home, including after a NICU stay.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
There are three main reasons, and often more than one is at work:
Sometimes no single cause is found, and a feeding plan can still help.
Each:
The growth chart. Your pediatrician plots weight, length and head size at each visit and reads the trend.
The feeding story. Expect questions about feeds, formula mixing and diapers. You may keep a feeding diary for a few days, and someone may watch a feed with you; this is the most useful part of the visit.
A development check, developmental milestone screening, alongside growth.
Tests only when something points to a cause. Most babies need no tests at first. If something points to a cause, the team may order complete blood count testing, urine tests, thyroid function testing, a sweat chloride test for cystic fibrosis, or for a child already eating foods with gluten, a celiac antibody blood panel.
When growth stays slow after the first plan, a team may assess your child together in a failure to thrive multidisciplinary evaluation.
Treatment means getting enough nutrition in, and treating any cause the team finds.
Often the first step is lactation support for the latch and your supply. Breastfeeding usually continues, with formula added if supply is short.
The team may then make each feed count for more: formula mixed to a higher-calorie recipe, or a fortifier added to breast milk, part of oral nutritional supplementation. Mix only to the recipe your team gives you, since scoop sizes vary. A dietitian, through nutritional counseling, dietitian consultation, works out how much your child needs to catch up.
When sucking or swallowing is the problem, infant feeding and swallowing therapy builds the skill. In the NICU, kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care supports growth and your milk supply. When a tight tongue-tie limits the latch, a tongue-tie release may be part of the plan. If paying for formula is hard, a social worker can connect you with the Women, Infants, and Children program, called WIC.
A baby born early is fed by a thin tube until sucking, swallowing and breathing work together, through nasogastric or orogastric tube feeding. For an older child, a tube is used only when other steps have not worked, through an enteral tube feeding regimen.
Your child's plan is made with your care team, one step at a time.
Weight checks, often at first. Expect weekly checks up to 6 months of age and every other week from 6 to 12 months until the line recovers, at your pediatrician's office or a growth and nutrition monitoring program. Skip daily weighing at home; weight swings from day to day.
Catch-up takes months, often four to nine, and a dip can return if the cause has not been treated.
Growth and learning go together. Untreated slow growth in the first two years can affect height and learning later, which is why the checks come early. After a NICU stay, the NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital checks growth and development at set points.
After the NICU, your team will say how long fortified feeds continue.
Tape this page, with your team's written recipe, beside the formula tin at day care or a grandparent's house, so every bottle matches yours.
Bring your feeding diary to each weight check. Tell the team if feeds get harder, the recipe is hard to follow, or formula is hard to afford; each changes the plan. Anything in When to Get Help Now does not wait for an appointment.
Usually not. The most frequent reasons, a latch still being learned or a supply still building, happen to attentive parents every day.
Most children do once the cause is found and the feeding plan is in place, though it takes months.
Usually no. Most plans keep breastfeeding and add to it where needed, and lactation support helps with supply.
Some slowing is common after a very early birth. Your team compares your baby by corrected age, watches the trend and adjusts feeds.
Yes, at the usual timing for your child's age, or corrected age, and your dietitian can suggest high-calorie choices.
Your child's pediatrician leads care and plans it with your care team.
Neonatologists track a NICU baby's weight, length and head size and adjust what goes into the milk.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric digestive specialists help find why weight gain has slowed and plan feeds with a dietitian.
Learn More About PediatricsA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareComplete nutrition given through a vein, for a newborn who cannot yet take enough milk. Sugar, protein, fats, salts,...
Learn More About Total Parenteral Nutrition, NeonatalWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Related conditions: Prematurity · Low birth weight · Feeding intolerance in newborns · Congenital diaphragmatic hernia · Psychosocial failure to thrive · Pediatric feeding disorder
Our NICU Development Clinic sees babies at set points through the first years, and our pediatric specialists follow the conditions that need longer care.
About NICU Follow-Up VisitsAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it clears by itself. Regular eye exams in the NICU find the kind that needs treatment in time, and an eye doctor follows your child's sight as they grow.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
Weeks into a NICU stay, a nurse puts drops in your baby's eyes before the eye doctor's visit. Later come words like "stage 1" and "zone II"; ask the team what each one means for your baby.
Retinopathy of prematurity, often called ROP or eye disease from premature birth, affects the retina, the thin layer at the back of the eye that senses light. Think of the retina's blood vessels as roads built from a town center outward, a job that finishes around the due date. An early birth pauses the work. Usually the crews resume and finish; in ROP, they build a tangle where the road stopped.
This page is for you, the parent. Your baby will have eye exams on a schedule the eye doctor sets, and most babies need nothing more. What ROP means for your baby depends on how early they were born and what the exams show, so this page covers the range.
It is unusual growth of the blood vessels in the retina of a baby born early. Most ROP is mild and goes away on its own without harming the retina.
In the serious kind, the fragile new vessels can leak, and the scar tissue they leave can pull the retina away from the back of the eye, a retinal detachment, which can take sight. Finding that kind early, and treating it on time, protects vision.
The words you will hear. Eye doctors describe ROP three ways, using an international system.
The eye doctor puts the three together at each exam and explains them to you.
ROP causes no pain, and a baby with it looks no different to you. Only an eye exam can find it.
In the NICU, you will see drops that widen the pupils before each exam, then the eye doctor looking into each eye with a lighted scope while a small instrument holds the lids open. Many babies fuss during it and recover within minutes.
Later, in a baby whose ROP was serious, signs can include eyes that wander, shake or do not follow faces, or a pupil that looks white.
ROP itself rarely causes an emergency at home; these lists are for every newborn after the NICU.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
An early birth interrupts the growth of the retina's blood vessels, and in some babies they grow back in an unusual way. Oxygen plays a part. Your baby's NICU team watches oxygen levels closely, because careful oxygen care limits how severe ROP becomes. The bright lights of the nursery do not cause it.
Nothing you did, before or after the birth, caused this.
ROP is more likely with:
A retinopathy of prematurity eye exam by an eye doctor experienced with newborns is how ROP is found. Babies born at 30 weeks or earlier, or weighing 1,500 grams (about 3 pounds 5 ounces) or less, are examined, and so are some larger babies the neonatologist judges at risk.
The first exam usually happens 4 to 9 weeks after birth, later for the earliest babies. Exams repeat every 1 to 3 weeks, depending on the last result, until the vessels finish growing or the ROP goes away. The timing is part of the care, so ask which day the next exam falls on.
Most babies need only exams, because most ROP goes away without treatment.
At a set point of stage, zone and plus disease, the eye doctor recommends treatment within days.
Retinopathy of prematurity laser treatment treats the outer retina that has no vessels yet, so the unusual vessels stop growing.
A retinopathy of prematurity anti-VEGF injection places medicine inside the eye that blocks the signal driving the unusual vessels. Some babies have both.
If the retina begins to detach, a retina surgeon may operate, with a vitrectomy or a scleral buckle, to hold it in place.
Your baby's plan is individual, made with you by the eye doctor and the NICU team, exam by exam.
Keep every eye appointment. ROP is not always finished when your baby goes home, so the exams continue after discharge. Leave the NICU with the next exam date in hand.
See a pediatric ophthalmologist in the first months at home and as your child grows. Babies born early see an eye doctor within about 4 to 6 months of discharge. A pediatric eye exam checks how the eyes see, move and work together.
What the eye doctor watches for over the years. Children who had ROP are more likely to be nearsighted and to need an eyeglasses prescription, sometimes very young. Their eyes may not line up (strabismus) or one eye may lag behind (amblyopia, or lazy eye), treated with glasses, amblyopia patching therapy, or sometimes strabismus surgery. Less often, the retina detaches years later, one more reason the checkups continue.
Development. The NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital checks development at set points; see developmental assessment for NICU graduates. If your child's sight is reduced, ask about low-vision support and early intervention services.
Enter the next exam date in a second phone, the one belonging to whoever shares the eye-clinic runs, so a missed exam gets caught the day it slips.
At each exam, ask the stage, the zone, whether plus disease is present and the next exam date. After discharge, bring any change in how your child's eyes look, move or follow. Anything in When to Get Help Now does not wait.
Most babies with ROP grow up with normal or near-normal sight, because most ROP clears by itself and the exams find the serious kind. Some children have lasting vision problems even with good care, and the eye doctor follows them closely.
It can be unpleasant for a few minutes, and many babies cry. The team helps your baby through it, and you can ask to be there.
Oxygen is one factor among many, and your baby needed it to breathe. The team keeps oxygen levels in a safe range.
After an injection, it can return weeks later, so exams continue longer. After laser, or when ROP clears by itself, the eye doctor tells you when the exams can stop.
Many children born early do, some as babies. The pediatric ophthalmologist checks at each visit.
Pediatric ophthalmologists, eye doctors experienced with newborns, examine and treat ROP, working with neonatologists and NICU nurses who care for the baby between exams.
Neonatologists and NICU nurses care for a baby born early between eye exams and give the drops that widen the pupils.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric eye doctors examine for ROP, treat it with laser, injection or surgery, and follow sight as the child grows.
Learn More About PediatricsA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common,...
Learn More About Birth defects and congenital anomaliesA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamA treatment for retinopathy of prematurity that has reached the point where it could harm sight. While your baby is asleep...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Laser TreatmentMedicine for retinopathy of prematurity that has grown serious enough to threaten sight. An eye doctor places a tiny dose of...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Anti-VEGF InjectionThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Related conditions: Prematurity · Extremely low birth weight · Low birth weight · Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · Anemia of prematurity
Care teams: NICU Development Clinic
Our NICU Development Clinic sees babies at set points through the first years, and our pediatric specialists follow the conditions that need longer care.
About NICU Follow-Up VisitsDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common, and most have no known cause. Neonatal, fetal care and children's specialty teams care for each kind, from a small difference to one that needs surgery.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A line in the scan report. A pause in the delivery room while the team looks closer. A screening result that comes back with a phone call. Our neonatal and fetal care teams meet parents at each of these moments, and the first question is almost always: did I do something?
A birth defect, also called a congenital anomaly or a birth difference, is a difference in how a part of the body formed before birth. Think of a baby's body as a house built from a detailed plan over nine months. Now and then one room is framed a little differently; some differences are small, some change how the house works, and each is cared for in its own way.
This page is for you, the parent. It lists the kinds our teams care for and shows how the type is found. What a birth defect means for your baby depends on which one it is, so the details live on each condition's page.
A birth defect can change how a part of the body looks, how it works, or both, almost anywhere in the body. The word "defect" describes how a body part formed; it says nothing about who your child is or will become. The wider term, congenital anomaly, also includes differences in how the body works, such as some conditions of body chemistry found by newborn screening.
They are common. About 1 in every 33 babies in the United States is born with a birth defect. They range from mild to serious, depending on the part of the body and how much it is affected.
Most happen in the first three months of pregnancy. Some are found on a scan, some at birth, and some months or years later, when signs appear.
For most birth defects, no cause is known. Some come from a change in a gene or chromosome, some from an infection or substance in pregnancy, many from a mix nobody can untangle. Babies are born with one when no risk was present at all.
Care starts before birth when a difference shows on a scan. Our Fetal Care Center and Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine confirm what the scan shows and plan the birth with you and our neonatal teams, so the right specialists are ready when your baby arrives. After birth, the children's specialty team for each condition takes over, beside your pediatrician.
Each group names the children's service line that cares for it.
Heart · Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Holes between the heart's chambers: atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular canal defect · Tetralogy of Fallot · Transposition of the great arteries · Hypoplastic left heart syndrome · Coarctation of the aorta, a narrowed main artery · Single ventricle heart defect · A heart defect found before birth
Brain and spine · Pediatric Neurology, Neurosurgery and Epilepsy Neural tube defects, where the spine or skull did not close: spina bifida, encephalocele · Hydrocephalus, extra fluid in the brain · Microcephaly, a small head size · Agenesis of the corpus callosum · Chiari malformation
Chest and lungs · Neonatal care, with pediatric surgery and lung specialists Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, an opening in the muscle under the lungs · Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, a lung growth found before birth · Congenital chylothorax, fluid around the lungs
Gut and belly wall · Pediatric General Surgery, Trauma, Burn and Craniofacial Gastroschisis and omphalocele, openings in the belly wall · Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula · Intestinal malrotation · Hirschsprung disease · Biliary atresia
Kidneys and urinary tract · Pediatric Nephrology and Urology Prenatal hydronephrosis, a swollen kidney seen on a scan · Posterior urethral valves · Multicystic dysplastic kidney · Hypospadias · Bladder exstrophy
Limbs, hips and feet · Pediatric Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rheumatology Clubfoot · Developmental hip dysplasia · Extra or joined fingers or toes: polydactyly, syndactyly · Arthrogryposis, stiff joints from birth
Face, mouth and head · Pediatric General Surgery, Trauma, Burn and Craniofacial Cleft lip and cleft palate · Pierre Robin sequence, a small jaw that can crowd the airway · Craniosynostosis, skull bones joining too early · Microtia, a small outer ear · Choanal atresia, a blocked nasal passage
Eyes and ears · Pediatric Ear Nose and Throat, Audiology, Eye and Skin Congenital cataract · Congenital hearing loss
Genetic and chromosome conditions · Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, Infectious Disease and Genetics Down syndrome · Trisomy 13 and 18 · DiGeorge syndrome · Turner syndrome
Body chemistry, found by newborn screening · Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Congenital hypothyroidism · Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Conditions that begin in pregnancy · Neonatal care, with Pediatric Infectious Disease Infections in pregnancy: congenital cytomegalovirus infection, congenital toxoplasmosis, congenital syphilis, congenital rubella syndrome, congenital varicella syndrome, congenital Zika virus infection · Neonatal lupus, from the mother's antibodies · Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
The type is found before birth, at birth or later, and many babies have tests at more than one point.
Before birth. A pregnancy ultrasound finds many birth defects, and diagnostic tests confirm what it shows. A fetal echocardiogram looks at the unborn baby's heart. The two pregnancy care team pages describe that care.
At birth. The first newborn exam finds differences you can see; the screens every newborn has look for what you cannot:
Some babies also have a newborn echocardiogram or a newborn hip ultrasound screening.
Genetic testing can look for a chromosome or gene change behind one difference or a pattern of them: chromosomal microarray testing or whole exome sequencing. Genetic counseling explains what the results mean for your family and for a future pregnancy.
Treatment depends on the condition: surgery in the first days for some, medicine or therapy for others, and watching for many. NICU graduates are followed by the NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital; see developmental assessment for NICU graduates.
These lists are for any newborn at home; your baby's own condition page adds its signs.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
If you have a finding but no name yet, write down what the report or the doctor said, word for word, and keep the reports together. Ask which specialist sees it, when, and whether genetic testing is part of the plan. Every question is welcome.
For most birth defects no cause is known, and many happen when no risk factor was present at all. Where a cause is known, your baby's own condition page says what it is, without a verdict.
That depends on the condition. Many happen once in a family; some run in families. Genetic counseling can explain your own chances.
Scans find many birth defects; some show only after birth, when a part of the body starts working on its own. That is why every newborn has an exam and screening tests.
Start prenatal care early, take 400 micrograms of folic acid daily from a month before pregnancy, avoid alcohol, smoking and drugs, review medicines with your doctor, keep vaccines current and get diabetes under control. These lower the chance; they cannot remove it.
Usually a team: the specialists for your child's condition, the NICU Development Clinic for NICU graduates, and your pediatrician at the center. Many children also qualify for early intervention services.
Neonatologists care for a baby born with a birth defect, with pediatric surgeons and the specialists for each body system joining, and the care often starts before birth.
Neonatal teams plan a birth with the fetal care team and give a baby with a birth defect the first care and screening.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric surgeons and specialists for each body system care for a child with a birth defect as they grow.
Learn More About PediatricsPediatric cardiology and congenital heart specialists care for the heart defects in this family.
Learn More About Children's HeartA pregnancy scan finds many birth defects, and the Fetal Care Center and maternal-fetal specialists plan the birth.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it...
Learn More About Congenital heart defectAn opening in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth, or both, that forms before birth. Feeding takes special care at first,...
Learn More About Cleft lip and palateAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityA few drops of blood from your baby's heel, collected on a paper card a day or two after birth and checked by the state...
Learn More About Newborn Metabolic and Genetic Screening (Heel Stick)A painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A quick hearing screen in which a soft probe rests in your baby's ear and listens for the faint echo a healthy inner ear...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Otoacoustic Emissions Test)A planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Your care options: Neonatal care at Orlando Health
Care teams: Fetal Care Center · Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine · NICU Development Clinic
When a condition is found before birth, our fetal care and maternal-fetal medicine teams meet you during the pregnancy and plan the birth with the NICU team.
Talk With a Fetal Care SpecialistPlan Your Birth With UsWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help works best when it starts early, and developmental teams follow children born early through their first years, beside your pediatrician.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A cousin born the same month is holding themselves upright, and your baby is still working on rolling over. Developmental teams hear that comparison at nearly every visit, and the first step is to count from the right day.
Prematurity-related developmental delay means a child born early is reaching skills in movement, hand use, talking, play or learning later than expected for their corrected age. Parents also call it preemie developmental delay, and many search "prematurity follow-up," the planned checks described on the developmental assessment for NICU graduates page.
Corrected age works like resetting a watch after a long flight: your baby's calendar started on the birthday, while the development clock started on the due date.
This page is for you, the parent. Expect follow-up visits at set ages, therapy that often happens at home through play, and a team that tells you where your child stands. Every child's path is different.
Babies born before 37 weeks are more likely than babies born at term to need extra help with development, and the chance rises the earlier the birth. Babies born just a few weeks early, at 32 to 36 weeks, can need help too.
How to count corrected age. Take your baby's age in weeks since birth and subtract the weeks your baby was born early. A baby born at 32 weeks was 8 weeks early, so at 4 months that baby is expected to do what a 2-month-old does. Use corrected age for development through the first two years.
A delay can touch one area or several. Some close with time and help; some turn out to be part of a condition with its own page, such as cerebral palsy or a speech and language delay.
Compare your child with what is expected for their corrected age, in each area:
Some differences in attention, learning or behavior show up only at preschool or school age. A milestone that seems late for corrected age is worth raising with your pediatrician or the Development Clinic without waiting for the next routine visit.
In the NICU, therapists already work on your baby's positioning, movement and feeding.
These lists are for home, after discharge.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
A baby born early finishes weeks of brain growth outside the womb, through illness, treatment and intensive care. Nothing you did caused the delay.
A delay is more likely when:
Many children with these risks develop on track, and the list helps the team decide how closely to follow.
A delay is found by watching over time, by corrected age.
A score is one reading on one day, read beside what you see at home and repeated as your child grows.
Help works best when it starts early: programs that begin after NICU discharge improve thinking skills at preschool age.
Therapists teach you games to repeat at home, where much of the progress happens.
When a delay is found, a developmental pediatrician can see your child, and the Development Clinic shares its findings with your pediatrician, who stays at the center of your child's care. Your child's plan is made for your child, with you.
Count by corrected age until two, and keep a note of new skills and worries for each visit.
Keep both sets of visits. The Development Clinic sees your child at set points through the first years, and most visits end with reassurance. Babies leaving an Orlando Health NICU are referred at discharge; from a NICU elsewhere, ask your pediatrician for a referral. See going home from the NICU.
Make practice part of play. Floor time, talking through the day, reading together and the therapists' home exercises all count.
Look after yourself too. Parent wellness is part of what helps a child born early, so tell your care team when you are worn down.
Plan for age three. Early intervention ends at 3, and a child who still needs help is evaluated through the local public school system for preschool services. As your child gains skills, the visits usually thin out.
The due date is the number your child care teacher needs. Write it on the first page of the folder you bring to early intervention, and add this page behind it.
Bring your notes on new skills, anything that has stopped, and how feeding and sleep are going. Ask what the next goal is. A lost skill is a same-day call.
No single visit or score can tell you that. Young children change quickly, many delays close with time and help, and the team keeps watching so any need is met early.
No. It comes from being born early and from what the baby went through in the first weeks, and your time, play and talk at home are part of what helps.
No. You can call your state's early intervention program and ask for an evaluation; your pediatrician or the Development Clinic can also help you start.
Follow your therapists' plan, building the exercises into play, feeds and bath time in short turns through the day.
Early intervention hands over to the public school system, which evaluates for preschool services. Ask the early intervention coordinator to start the handover a few months ahead.
Developmental pediatricians and pediatric therapists follow children born early, beside your pediatrician.
The NICU Development Clinic follows a baby born early at set points, counting skills from the due date.
Learn More About Neonatal CareDevelopmental pediatricians and pediatric therapists help a child born early who reaches skills later than expected.
Learn More About PediatricsA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it...
Learn More About Congenital heart defectA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUWritten with the Orlando Health developmental pediatrics and neonatal care teams.
Related conditions: Prematurity · Periventricular leukomalacia · Intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants · Extremely low birth weight · Global developmental delay · Cerebral palsy · Autism spectrum disorder · Hearing loss
Our NICU Development Clinic sees babies at set points through the first years, and our pediatric specialists follow the conditions that need longer care.
About NICU Follow-Up VisitsA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it ranges from a small hole that closes alone to a heart that needs surgery in the first days. Pediatric heart and neonatal teams care for children with the kinds of heart defects listed on this page.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A pregnancy scan. An oxygen screen that does not pass on the day you planned to go home. A murmur heard at a checkup years later. Pediatric heart teams meet families at each of these moments, and the first question is: what does this mean for my child?
A congenital heart defect, also called congenital heart disease or CHD, is a difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth, which changes how blood flows through the heart and body. Think of the heart as a duplex: four rooms, doors that open only one way, and pipes that bring blood in and send it out. A defect can be a gap in a shared wall, a door that sticks or leaks, or a pipe joined to the wrong room.
This page is for you, the parent of a baby or an older child. It lists the kinds of heart defect and how the type is found; what one means for your child depends on which it is, so the details live on each condition's page.
A heart defect forms in one of three places: the walls inside the heart, the valves that keep blood moving in one direction, or the large blood vessels. It is one kind of birth defect or congenital anomaly, and it is the most common kind.
They are common. Nearly 1 in 100 babies in the United States is born with a heart defect, about 40,000 a year.
They range widely. Some need no treatment. About 1 in 4 is critical, needing surgery or another procedure in the first year, sometimes in the first days. Some defects lower the oxygen in the blood and give the lips, skin or nails a blue color; others do not.
Some show signs, and some do not. In a baby, the signs can be a blue color, fast or hard breathing, tiring during feeds, slow weight gain, or a murmur the doctor hears. A heart defect does not cause pain.
For most babies, no cause is known. Some defects come from a change in a gene or chromosome, sometimes as part of a condition such as Down syndrome. Where a cause is known, your child's own condition page says what it is.
Grouped by where the difference formed, every one cared for by Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart.
Holes between the heart's chambers, often called a hole in the heart Atrial septal defect · Ventricular septal defect · Atrioventricular canal defect · Patent ductus arteriosus, a vessel that stays open after birth Patent ductus arteriosus · Patent foramen ovale
Valves that are narrow, leaky or missing Pulmonary valve stenosis · Bicuspid aortic valve · Ebstein's anomaly · Congenital mitral stenosis or mitral atresia · Pulmonary atresia · Tricuspid atresia
The large blood vessels Coarctation of the aorta, a narrowed main artery · Interrupted aortic arch · Transposition of the great arteries · Truncus arteriosus · Total anomalous pulmonary venous return · Aortopulmonary window · Vascular ring · Anomalous coronary artery · Pulmonary vein stenosis · Scimitar syndrome
Several differences together, or one pumping chamber Tetralogy of Fallot · Double outlet right ventricle · Hypoplastic left heart syndrome · Single ventricle heart defect · Heterotaxy syndrome · Dextrocardia, a heart on the right side · Cor triatriatum
Heart defects with a genetic condition Down syndrome · 22q11.2 deletion (DiGeorge) syndrome · Turner syndrome · Noonan syndrome · Williams syndrome
Found before birth A heart defect seen on a pregnancy scan
The heart's signal from birth Congenital complete heart block, a slow heartbeat present at birth, which can come from neonatal lupus
The type is found before birth, at birth or later in childhood.
Before birth. A pregnancy scan finds many heart defects. A fetal echocardiogram, an ultrasound of the unborn baby's heart, is usually done between 18 and 22 weeks.
At birth. Every newborn has an exam and a critical congenital heart defect screening, a sensor on the hand and foot that checks the oxygen in the blood. A low reading can also come from the lungs, as in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. In a NICU the same sensor stays on, as continuous pulse oximetry monitoring.
To confirm the type. A newborn echocardiogram, or an echocardiogram for an older child, shows the heart's structure and blood flow. Other tests include an EKG heart tracing, a newborn chest X-ray, a cardiac MRI, cardiac CT angiography and cardiac catheterization, a thin tube passed through a blood vessel into the heart.
Genetic testing can look for a gene or chromosome change behind the defect: genetic testing for heart conditions or chromosomal microarray testing. Genetic counseling explains what the results mean for your family.
Treatment depends on the type. Some defects are only watched, some are treated with medicine such as prostaglandin infusion therapy or a catheter procedure such as balloon valvuloplasty, some with one or more operations, and a few with a heart transplant; a baby who is very sick before a repair may need ECMO for a time, and your child's condition page says which applies.
These lists are for any baby or child at home; your child's condition page adds its signs.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
If you have a finding but no name yet, write down what the doctor said, word for word, and keep the reports together. Ask which test comes next and whether genetic testing is part of the plan. Every question is welcome.
For most heart defects nobody can point to a reason, and many happen to parents who did nothing differently from anyone else. If a reason is found for your child, the condition's own page explains it.
That depends on the type. Some defects are only watched, some are treated with a catheter procedure, and some need one or more operations, sometimes in the first weeks. Your child's heart team explains the plan.
Most children with a heart defect can be active. What is safe depends on the defect, the medicines and any device, so ask the heart team before a new sport.
Usually, yes. Many defects are not cured even after a repair, so a heart specialist follows your child through life, and in time care moves to a doctor who treats adults with congenital heart disease. Vaccines are kept current, teeth are cared for and every doctor is told about the heart before any surgery, and speech, attention and behavior are watched too. NICU graduates go home through going home from the NICU and see the NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital for a developmental assessment.
Most heart defects do not run in families, though a family history raises the chance, and genetic counseling can explain yours. Before another pregnancy, rubella immunity, no alcohol or drugs, a medicine review and blood sugar kept under control with diabetes all help. These lower the chance; they cannot remove it.
Pediatric cardiologists and heart surgeons treat congenital heart defects, with neonatologists caring for a newborn with a defect and your pediatrician beside them.
Newborns get an oxygen screen and an echocardiogram, and a baby who needs heart care in the first days stays in the NICU.
Learn More About Neonatal CareHeart specialists confirm the type of defect and follow a child with a congenital heart defect through life.
Learn More About Children's HeartA pregnancy scan finds many heart defects, and a fetal echocardiogram checks the baby's heart at 18 to 22 weeks.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common,...
Learn More About Birth defects and congenital anomaliesWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help...
Learn More About Prematurity-Related Developmental DelayAn opening in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth, or both, that forms before birth. Feeding takes special care at first,...
Learn More About Cleft lip and palateECMO is heart and lung support outside the body. A machine adds oxygen to a newborn's blood and returns it, so the lungs,...
Learn More About Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), NeonatalThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Your care options: Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart · Neonatal care at Orlando Health
Related conditions: Birth defects and congenital anomalies · Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn · Neonatal lupus · Congenital rubella syndrome
Care teams: Orlando Health Children's · Fetal Care Center · Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine · NICU Development Clinic
When a condition is found before birth, our fetal care and maternal-fetal medicine teams meet you during the pregnancy and plan the birth with the NICU team.
Talk With a Fetal Care SpecialistPlan Your Birth With UsAn opening in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth, or both, that forms before birth. Feeding takes special care at first, surgery closes the lip and palate in the first year or so, and hearing, speech and teeth are followed as your child grows. Most children with a cleft do well.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A pause on the scan over the face, or a first look in the delivery room at a lip that did not close. Care teams meet parents at both moments, and the questions come in one order: can my baby eat, and when can the cleft be closed?
A cleft lip or cleft palate, together called an orofacial cleft, is an opening in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth (the palate), or both, because those parts did not join completely before birth. Picture two curtains that stop just short of meeting in the middle: everything is there, with a gap where they should touch, and surgery brings the two sides together.
This page is for you, the parent, from the first feeds through childhood. Clefts range from a small notch in the lip to an opening through the whole palate, so what your child needs depends on the cleft.
The lip and palate normally close between the 6th and 11th weeks of pregnancy. A cleft lip can be on one side or both and can reach up into the nose. A cleft palate can affect all or part of the roof of the mouth, with or without a cleft lip.
Clefts are among the most common birth differences: about 1 in 1,031 U.S. babies has a cleft lip, with or without a cleft palate, and about 1 in 1,563 a cleft palate alone. About 3 in 10 come with a genetic condition, so the team checks for other differences too. A cleft is one kind of birth defect or congenital anomaly, and most children with one do well and lead healthy lives.
A cleft lip shows at birth, sometimes with a change in the nose. A cleft palate is inside the mouth, and a small one can be hard to see.
Feeding is what families notice first. An opening in the palate lets air in, so a baby cannot make the suction that the breast or a standard bottle needs, and milk can come out through the nose. A baby can look like they are feeding well and take in little, so weight is checked closely. Many babies with a cleft lip alone feed at the breast or with a regular bottle. A large opening can make breathing harder too.
As your child grows, ear infections, hearing loss, crooked teeth and speech delays are more common.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
For most babies, the cause is not known; clefts are thought to come from a mix of genes and other factors early in pregnancy. Some are part of a genetic syndrome.
A cleft is no one's fault, and most families never learn a reason.
Each:
A risk factor does not mean a cleft will happen, and many babies with a cleft had none of these.
Before birth, a routine pregnancy ultrasound often shows a cleft lip; a cleft palate alone is harder to see. The Fetal Care Center helps you plan for the birth.
At birth, an exam of the mouth, nose and palate confirms it, and other tests may look for related conditions. Some cleft palates are found later.
Every newborn has a hearing screen, by the auditory brainstem response test or the otoacoustic emissions test. A child with a cleft also has a full diagnostic hearing test early, and again as they grow. Genetic counseling is recommended for the family.
A cleft team of surgeons, an ear, nose and throat doctor, speech, hearing and dental specialists and your pediatrician makes one plan with you.
A baby with a cleft palate usually needs a specialty bottle and nipple and a technique the team teaches you, starting soon after birth with infant feeding and swallowing therapy. Lactation support helps with breastfeeding a baby with a cleft lip alone, or with pumping your milk.
Some babies wear a small plate that covers the palate opening for feeding. Some teams use molding, a fitted device that shapes the lip, nose and gum before surgery and may make the first repair easier.
Cleft lip repair closes the lip, usually at 3 to 6 months, sometimes shaping the nose at the same time. Cleft palate repair closes the roof of the mouth, usually between 9 and 18 months, so it is closed as speech develops.
Some children need later operations: alveolar bone grafting fills the gap in the gum ridge as the adult teeth come in; pharyngeal flap surgery helps when air escapes through the nose during speech; secondary cleft lip and nose revision surgery refines a scar or the nose; orthognathic surgery lines up the jaws in the teen years.
Some children have ear tube placement for repeated ear infections. A speech and language evaluation checks speech as it develops, and speech therapy helps many children. Dental and orthodontic care keep the teeth and bite on track.
Your child's plan is made with your care team, step by step.
Feeding at home. Use the bottle, position and feeding time your team showed you, and keep the weight checks, since your baby needs to gain weight before surgery.
Around surgery. Each repair has its own page for the medicine stop before surgery and the feeding and wound care after it; until then your team's written instructions govern.
Hearing, speech and teeth. Hearing tests repeat through childhood, speech is checked at visits, and a dentist and later an orthodontist follow the teeth.
How your child feels. Some children find a visible difference hard at school age. Talk about the cleft openly at home, and ask the team about a psychologist or social worker if your child struggles.
Your own support. Ask your team about support for yourself, too.
Before the repair, teach the bottle, the angle and the feeding time to anyone who feeds your baby, with this page open. Your baby gets the same feed from everyone.
Before each operation, ask what it is for and what feeding looks like after. Between visits, bring feeding, weight, ear and speech questions. Anything in When to Get Help Now does not wait for an appointment.
Many babies with a cleft lip alone breastfeed. A cleft palate makes the suction hard, so many parents pump and give their milk in a specialty bottle.
A cleft of both the lip and the palate takes at least two operations, and many children have more as they grow.
Closing the palate early helps speech develop, and with speech therapy or another operation where needed, most children speak clearly.
Very small stitches keep the scar small, and how it looks depends on the cleft; some children have a revision later.
A family history raises the chance, and genetic counseling can explain yours. Not smoking, managing diabetes and reviewing epilepsy medicines before a pregnancy may help. These lower the chance; they cannot remove it.
A cleft team treats cleft lip and palate: a plastic or craniofacial surgeon, an ear, nose and throat doctor, speech, hearing and dental specialists, and your pediatrician.
Neonatal teams start special feeding for a baby with a cleft soon after birth, with lactation help for breast milk.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric craniofacial surgeons close the lip and palate and follow hearing, speech and teeth as a child grows.
Learn More About PediatricsA cleft lip often shows on a routine pregnancy ultrasound, and the Fetal Care Center helps plan the birth.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common,...
Learn More About Birth defects and congenital anomaliesWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help...
Learn More About Prematurity-Related Developmental DelayA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it...
Learn More About Congenital heart defectA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A quick hearing screen in which a soft probe rests in your baby's ear and listens for the faint echo a healthy inner ear...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Otoacoustic Emissions Test)Hands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Your care options: Pediatric Ear Nose and Throat, Audiology, Eye and Skin · Pediatric General Surgery, Trauma, Burn and Craniofacial · Neonatal care at Orlando Health
Related conditions: Birth defects and congenital anomalies · Pierre Robin sequence
Care teams: Orlando Health Children's · Fetal Care Center · Breastfeeding Education Center
When a condition is found before birth, our fetal care and maternal-fetal medicine teams meet you during the pregnancy and plan the birth with the NICU team.
Talk With a Fetal Care SpecialistPlan Your Birth With UsPlacenta accreta spectrum means the placenta has grown too deeply into the wall of the uterus. It is often found on ultrasound before birth, so the delivery can be planned ahead with an experienced team and blood ready. At Orlando Health, the Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine plans that delivery with you.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
Hearing that your placenta may be attached too deeply is a lot to take in, especially when you feel well. This guide answers the questions most people and their partners ask: about your health, your baby, the birth and future pregnancy.
Placenta accreta spectrum is serious, and it is a condition care teams know how to prepare for. When it is found before birth, your team can plan the delivery for a set day, at a hospital ready for it, with the right specialists in the room and blood on hand. That preparation is what keeps you and your baby safest.
The placenta is the organ that feeds your baby during pregnancy. It normally attaches to the lining of the uterus and comes away easily after birth. In placenta accreta spectrum, part or all of the placenta grows into the wall of the uterus and cannot come away on its own. Trying to pull it free can cause very heavy bleeding, which is why the delivery is planned so carefully.
Doctors describe three levels, named for how deep the placenta reaches:
Because scans cannot always show the depth, the plan prepares for the deeper forms.
Many people have no symptoms, and the condition is found on a routine scan. When there is a symptom, it is usually vaginal bleeding in the third trimester, often without pain when the placenta also covers the opening of the cervix (placenta previa). A first episode of bleeding can be followed by more, so every episode needs prompt care.
When bleeding is heavy, call 911 rather than driving yourself; care begins when paramedics arrive. Tell anyone you call that you have placenta accreta spectrum and where your delivery is planned.
If it looks like the first list, go, and call on the way. When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what is happening.
It most often forms where the uterus has a scar from a cesarean birth or other surgery, because the scar lets the placenta anchor more deeply than usual. Nothing you did during this pregnancy caused it.
Having a risk factor means your scans get a closer look.
Placenta accreta spectrum is usually found by ultrasound in the second or third trimester, read by a specialist experienced with these scans.
Scans cannot rule the condition out completely, so your history guides the plan alongside them. Sometimes it is found only at delivery, and hospital teams have plans for that too.
Treatment is a planned delivery. The details depend on how deep the placenta reaches, your health and your wishes about future pregnancy, and you talk them through with your team well before the day.
The delivery is planned by a team that cares for placenta accreta spectrum often, at a hospital with intensive care and a blood bank ready for large transfusions. The team can include maternal-fetal medicine specialists (doctors trained in high-risk pregnancy) and obstetricians, surgeons experienced in complex pelvic surgery, a urologist for the bladder, anesthesiologists, interventional radiologists (doctors who can block bleeding vessels through a thin tube), intensive care specialists, newborn specialists and nurses.
The delivery is usually scheduled at 34 or 35 weeks, before labor or bleeding can start, because waiting longer raises the chance of an emergency delivery. It may happen sooner if you have ongoing bleeding, labor, your water breaks or another problem develops. Steroid shots before delivery can help your baby's lungs mature.
Most often, your baby is born by cesarean, and then the surgeons remove the uterus with the placenta still attached. This is called a cesarean hysterectomy, and it is the approach most experts recommend, because leaving the placenta in place avoids the bleeding that pulling it free would cause. Blood transfusion is often needed, and the blood bank prepares in advance.
In rare, carefully chosen cases, the team may discuss keeping the uterus, which has its own risks and needs close follow-up.
After surgery you are watched closely, often in an intensive care unit, and your hospital stay is usually longer than after an ordinary cesarean. At home, rest, take short walks every day and avoid heavy lifting until your surgeon says you can.
Relief, sadness and fear are all common after this kind of birth; tell your care team how you are feeling.
After a hysterectomy you no longer have periods and cannot become pregnant. When the uterus is kept, a later pregnancy is possible, and the condition comes back in about 13 to 29 of every 100 later pregnancies. See a maternal-fetal medicine specialist before trying again.
Talk with your care team as soon as you learn you may have this condition, and tell them about every earlier pregnancy and surgery on your uterus.
Most people with placenta accreta spectrum have a hysterectomy at delivery, because it is the safest way to avoid heavy bleeding. Your team explains what they expect in your case.
Babies born at 34 or 35 weeks are called late preterm. Most do well, and some need help for a short time with breathing, feeding or staying warm, so newborn specialists are part of the team. Our guide to prematurity explains more.
Often, yes. The blood bank prepares for your surgery ahead of time so blood is ready.
No. It forms where the uterus has a scar, most often from an earlier cesarean birth. Nothing you did during this pregnancy caused it.
Many people can, with regular checks. People who have bleeding, early labor or their water breaking are usually advised to stay in the hospital. Your team decides with you what is right for you.
Maternal-fetal specialists find a placenta grown too deeply by ultrasound and plan a safe delivery with you.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthNeonatologists are ready in the delivery room for a baby born a few weeks early by planned cesarean.
Learn More About Neonatal CareUltrasound and sometimes MRI show how deeply the placenta has grown and help plan the surgery.
Learn More About RadiologyA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityWhen a condition is found before birth, our fetal care and maternal-fetal medicine teams meet you during the pregnancy and plan the birth with the NICU team.
Talk With a Fetal Care SpecialistPlan Your Birth With UsThe tests, procedures and care our neonatal teams provide for newborns, in the NICU and after your baby goes home. Each page explains what happens, how you can be part of it and what comes next.
Differences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common, and most have no known cause. Neonatal, fetal care and children's specialty teams care for each kind, from a small difference to one that needs surgery.
Learn MoreA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer, while monitors watch breathing, heart rate and oxygen. It shows the team how your baby does in the seat's tilted position before the first trip in the car.
Learn MorePrenatal and postpartum care that comes to you: a mobile clinic, visits by video and doula support.
Learn MoreSpecialists for a pregnancy that needs more: a condition in the mother, a diagnosis in the baby, or a history to watch.
Learn MoreAn opening in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth, or both, that forms before birth. Feeding takes special care at first, surgery closes the lip and palate in the first year or so, and hearing, speech and teeth are followed as your child grows. Most children with a cleft do well.
Learn MoreA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it ranges from a small hole that closes alone to a heart that needs surgery in the first days. Pediatric heart and neonatal teams care for children with the kinds of heart defects listed on this page.
Learn MoreCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby does all the breathing; the pressure holds the lungs open between breaths so each one takes less work. It is one of the most common kinds of breathing help in a NICU.
Learn MoreA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU and measured against your baby's corrected age. It finds anything that needs help while it is small, so help can start early, and tells you plainly where your baby stands.
Learn MoreECMO is heart and lung support outside the body. A machine adds oxygen to a newborn's blood and returns it, so the lungs, and sometimes the heart, can rest and heal. It is offered to the sickest babies when every other treatment has been tried, and it is used for days to weeks.
Learn MoreA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are cared for in a NICU built for the smallest newborns, and the care continues after they go home, with growth and development followed through the first years. Neonatal teams in a NICU care for them.
Learn MoreFor a baby whose condition is found before birth: one team diagnoses it, treats it where that helps, and plans the birth.
Learn MoreThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature, feeding and weight gain are on track, the last checks are finished, you feel able to care for your baby, and the first visits with your pediatrician and follow-up teams are booked.
Learn MoreSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight check, and usually improves once the cause is found and feeds are adjusted. Pediatric, newborn and nutrition teams build the plan with you.
Learn MoreHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the nose at a faster flow than ordinary oxygen. It makes breathing easier for a newborn or young child who is working hard, with no mask and no breathing tube.
Learn MoreA gas the body makes on its own, given in a small measured amount through the ventilator to relax tight blood vessels in a newborn's lungs. More blood can then reach the lungs to pick up oxygen while the baby recovers. It is used in a NICU, with the team watching closely.
Learn MoreHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is part of your baby's care: it helps keep your baby warm, supports breathing, sleep and feeding, and puts you at the center of the work your baby is doing.
Learn MoreHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU, starting and keeping a milk supply by pumping until your baby can feed at the breast. Lactation consultants and nurses work with you from the first hours, and the plan fits your baby, your body and your family.
Learn MoreSepsis is a serious infection that has spread through a newborn's blood. It can start in the first days after birth or weeks later, most often in a baby born early. Neonatal teams care for it.
Learn MoreA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower growth before birth, or both. Small babies need extra help with warmth, feeding and growth. Neonatal teams care for them and follow their growth after you go home.
Learn MoreA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of breathing while the lungs heal or grow. It is one of the most common treatments in a NICU, and the team turns it down as your baby needs less.
Learn MoreIf you have more breast milk than your baby needs, you can donate it at an Orlando Health milk depot. A nonprofit milk bank screens every donor and pasteurizes every batch, and the milk goes to premature and sick babies. Your extra milk can be the next feed for a baby in a NICU.
Learn MoreAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the bowel wall can be damaged. Most babies are treated by resting the bowel, with nutrition and antibiotics through an IV; some need surgery. Neonatal and pediatric surgery teams care for it together.
Learn MoreNeonatal meningitis is an infection of the layers that cover a newborn's brain and spinal cord, usually spreading there from the blood. It is treated with two to three weeks of IV antibiotics, followed by hearing and development checks. Neonatal teams treat it in the NICU and follow your baby after discharge.
Learn MoreA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks whether sound travels from the ear along the hearing nerve. A "refer" result means your baby needs a full hearing test, which is planned by 3 months.
Learn MoreA quick hearing screen in which a soft probe rests in your baby's ear and listens for the faint echo a healthy inner ear makes. It is painless and often done during sleep. If it does not pass, the team rescreens, sometimes with a second kind of test, and arranges a full hearing test if needed.
Learn MoreYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half of babies have it, and most need only frequent feeds and a check or two. Newborn nurseries check every baby before going home and treat the few who need bili lights.
Learn MoreA few drops of blood from your baby's heel, collected on a paper card a day or two after birth and checked by the state laboratory for dozens of rare conditions that can be treated before signs appear. Results take a few days and are usually normal. An out-of-range result means a second test, and often that test is normal too.
Learn MoreStays with your baby after the NICU, checking growth and development at set points through the first years.
Learn MoreTreatment with a special blue light that lowers the bilirubin causing your baby's jaundice. Your baby lies under or on the light in a diaper and eye shields for a day or two, sometimes longer, with breaks to feed. It keeps the level from climbing high enough to harm the brain.
Learn MorePlacenta accreta spectrum means the placenta has grown too deeply into the wall of the uterus. It is often found on ultrasound before birth, so the delivery can be planned ahead with an experienced team and blood ready. At Orlando Health, the Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine plans that delivery with you.
Learn MoreA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help; some arrive months early and need intensive care. Neonatal teams care for premature babies in the NICU and follow your baby's growth and development after you go home.
Learn MoreWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help works best when it starts early, and developmental teams follow children born early through their first years, beside your pediatrician.
Learn MoreA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep their tiny air sacs open. It is treated in a NICU with breathing support and, for some babies, surfactant medicine. Neonatal teams care for it from the first hour.
Learn MoreAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it clears by itself. Regular eye exams in the NICU find the kind that needs treatment in time, and an eye doctor follows your child's sight as they grow.
Learn MoreMedicine for retinopathy of prematurity that has grown serious enough to threaten sight. An eye doctor places a tiny dose of medicine inside the eye to stop the unusual blood vessels from growing. It takes minutes. Because the ROP can return weeks or months later, the eye exams go on longer afterward, often well past going home.
Learn MoreA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye with a light and a lens. It repeats every week or few weeks until the blood vessels there finish growing, so the rare case that needs treatment is found in time. It is uncomfortable for a few minutes.
Learn MoreA treatment for retinopathy of prematurity that has reached the point where it could harm sight. While your baby is asleep under anesthesia or deep sedation, an eye doctor uses a laser through the pupil to treat the outer edge of the retina, so the unusual blood vessels stop growing. It takes about an hour and has been used for decades.
Learn MoreA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between breaths. It replaces the coating a baby born early has not yet made enough of, and it often makes breathing easier within hours.
Learn MoreCooling therapy lowers a newborn's body temperature to a set level for three days to protect the brain after a lack of oxygen around birth. It works best when it starts within six hours of birth, which is why the team moves quickly, and it ends with a slow, careful warming back to normal.
Learn MoreA program at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies for the earliest-born babies, from 22 weeks of pregnancy. Neonatologists and maternal-fetal medicine specialists plan your baby's care with you, starting before the birth when there is time.
Learn MoreComplete nutrition given through a vein, for a newborn who cannot yet take enough milk. Sugar, protein, fats, salts, vitamins and minerals go straight into the blood, so growth can continue while the gut matures or heals. As milk feeds increase, the team turns it down, step by step, until milk feeds supply everything.
Learn MoreA condition of identical twins who share one placenta, where blood flows unevenly from one twin to the other. It is found and treated in pregnancy. After birth, one twin may need more blood and the other less, and both are watched closely. Neonatal teams care for both babies and follow them after they go home.
Learn MoreNo pages match. Clear a filter or try another word.
Holding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is part of your baby's care: it helps keep your baby warm, supports breathing, sleep and feeding, and puts you at the center of the work your baby is doing.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The first time a parent holds a baby who has been living behind incubator walls, the wires come too. The monitor stays on. A nurse lifts your baby across, arranges the tubes, and lays a blanket over a back no bigger than your hand. Then your baby's cheek is on your chest. We want you to know what it does, because you are giving your baby care in it.
Kangaroo care, also called skin-to-skin care or kangaroo mother care, means holding your baby in only a diaper, upright against your bare chest, with a blanket or your top over your baby's back. The name comes from the way a kangaroo keeps its young in a pouch: close, upright and warm against the parent's body.
How soon you can start, and for how long, depends on how your baby is doing. Some babies can be held in the first days; others wait until their breathing or blood pressure is steadier.
It started in South America as a way to keep premature babies warm where incubators were scarce. Mothers held their babies skin to skin under their clothes, around the clock, for warmth and breastfeeding. NICUs in the United States now offer it in sessions, alongside full intensive care, including to babies on a ventilator and babies born very early.
Your body does real work. Against your skin, your baby loses less heat. Babies held this way tend to have a more regular heartbeat and breathing, spend more time in deep sleep and cry less.
It works on your side too. For a mother, time skin to skin raises milk production and is linked to breastfeeding for longer; our Lactation Support, Newborn page covers feeding with your milk. For either parent, it is time spent caring for your baby, for many the first time the NICU feels like theirs.
By goal: to keep a baby warm · to support more regular breathing and heart rate · to help a baby sleep and grow · to build the mother's milk supply and early breastfeeding · to ease pain during small procedures · to put you at the center of your baby's care.
By condition. Kangaroo care is offered to babies born early or small and to many in the NICU once the team judges them ready, including:
The team decides when your baby is ready. Some babies are too sick to be held at first, and the team will tell you what needs to change. Ask at each shift whether today can be a kangaroo day.
Get yourself ready. Wear a top that opens down the front. Plan for at least an hour, so the move in and out of bed is worth it for your baby. Eat, drink and use the bathroom first. Wash your hands.
Be awake enough to stay awake. You will need to stay alert the whole time. If you are exhausted, on medicine that makes you drowsy, or recovering from a birth, tell the nurse; a shorter session, or the other parent, may be the better choice that day.
If you are unwell, with a cold, a fever or a rash, ask the nurse before you hold your baby.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]Starting. You get into a reclining chair beside the bed, often behind a privacy screen. A nurse lifts your baby out of the Incubator (Isolette) Care bed and onto your chest, keeping the breathing tube, lines and monitor leads secure. For some babies, the nurse may ask you to stand while your baby is placed.
How your baby lies. Upright between your breasts or on the center of your chest, chest to chest, head turned to one side so you can see your baby's face, with a blanket over the back. The monitors stay on, including the Continuous Pulse Oximetry Monitoring sensor, and the team keeps watching them.
During. Many babies fall asleep. You can talk, sing or read to your baby, who already knows your voice.
The schedule. Once or more a day, as long as your baby does well, and often longer and more often as your baby grows. When holding is not yet possible, how your baby lies in the bed, and the hand hugs you can give, are on our Developmental Positioning Care, NICU page.
Coming off. The nurse moves your baby back to bed. The effects on warmth and breathing happen during the session itself; the effect on milk supply builds over days of regular holding.
In NICUs, with the monitors on, studies have found kangaroo care to be safe for babies born early. The team manages a few real risks:
Call the nurse right away if your baby's color changes to blue, gray or very pale, if your baby goes limp or stops breathing, or if an alarm sounds and nobody has come. The signs that mean a 911 call at home are in the last question below.
Often, yes, once the team judges your baby stable enough. The nurse secures the tube and lines and moves your baby for you. Your baby's team decides case by case.
At least an hour where your baby does well, and longer if you both can. A shorter session still counts, so take what the day allows.
Call the nurse and hand your baby back. Falling asleep during skin-to-skin is the main safety risk, and it is easy to do after long days at the bedside.
Yes. Keep going after discharge, awake and with your baby's face in view, and put your baby down on their back in a bassinet or crib to sleep.
Once your baby is home, call 911 for any of these:
For any other worry, call your baby's doctor or the care team; the Prematurity page lists more signs.
In Orlando Health NICUs you give kangaroo care, and your baby's nurse helps.
At the NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies, kangaroo care is part of how families take part in their baby's care.
Neonatal nurses move a tiny baby onto a parent's bare chest, with tubes and monitors secured, for skin-to-skin holding.
Learn More About Neonatal CareA pediatrician and pediatric lung specialists follow babies held skin to skin while on breathing support for weeks.
Learn More About PediatricsA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight...
Learn More About Growth falteringCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)Written with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer, while monitors watch breathing, heart rate and oxygen. It shows the team how your baby does in the seat's tilted position before the first trip in the car.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
Going home is close, the bag is half packed, and then someone on the team mentions a car seat test. Parents often hear it as one more thing that could keep their baby in the hospital. Most babies pass. The rest leave with a plan.
You may hear it called the car seat challenge or the car seat test. Think of it as a test drive without the car: the team learns how your baby breathes in the seat while everyone is still in the room to watch.
What the test looks like for your baby depends on how early your baby was born, how your baby is breathing and feeding, and the seat you bring. The steps below are the usual ones, and your baby's nurse will tell you the timing for your stay. It is one part of leaving the hospital, and Going home from the NICU covers the rest.
A rear-facing car seat holds a baby tilted back at roughly 45 degrees. That position protects a baby in a crash. For a baby who was born early or very small, it can also make breathing harder, because the head can tip forward, the airway is narrow, and the muscles that hold it open are still maturing.
During the screening, your baby is in your car seat, buckled the way your baby will ride home, while the same monitors used in the unit track breathing, heart rate and the oxygen level in the blood. A nurse watches for three things: a pause in breathing, a heart rate that drops too low, and an oxygen level that falls.
The test checks your baby in the seat. Installing the seat in your car is a separate step.
The test answers one question before the first trip: can your baby keep breathing well, with a safe heart rate and oxygen level, in the tilted position of a car seat for the length of the ride? Babies born early are more likely than full-term babies to have breathing pauses, a slow heart rate or a dip in oxygen when they are semi-reclined, and the seat can show something that lying flat in an incubator or crib does not.
It also gives the team a chance to check that your seat fits a small baby and to show you how to buckle your baby in.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the screening for babies born before 37 weeks (prematurity). Many hospitals also screen other babies who may have trouble breathing in a seat:
Bring the seat you will use. The team will ask you to bring your car seat into the hospital ahead of discharge, often a day or two before. Bring the seat itself, without any extra padding, head pillows or inserts that did not come with it, since those can change how the harness fits.
Read the label and the manual. Check the seat's lowest weight limit against your baby's weight. Many rear-facing seats start at 4 or 5 pounds, and some are rated from birth. The team will look for a harness that is at or below your baby's shoulders and a short distance from the crotch strap to the seat back.
Plan for the length of your drive. Tell the team how long the trip home will take. If it is longer than about two hours, the test may run longer to match.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]You can usually stay with your baby during the test. Ask the nurse whether to plan it around a feed.
The test is an observation, and your baby is monitored the whole time with a nurse close by. If your baby has a pause or a dip in oxygen, the nurse responds right away, which is the reason the test happens in the hospital. The main thing it asks of your family is time, and a result that calls for a repeat can add a day to the stay.
Passing means your baby kept breathing well, with a safe heart rate and oxygen level, for the whole test. Your baby can ride home in that seat.
Not passing means the monitors recorded an event that crossed the limits the team uses. It is common: in published studies, a number of babies do not pass the first time. What happens next depends on the event and on your baby, and may include one or more of these:
A result is a reading of one test on one day. Babies mature quickly, and a baby who needs a car bed now can usually move to a seat later, after another check that your baby's doctor arranges.
The test checks your baby in the seat. Installing the seat in your car is its own step, and Going home from the NICU covers it. Ask the team whether a car seat check is offered before discharge.
Use the seat for travel. Keep time in it to the trip, and take your baby out once you arrive rather than letting your baby sleep on in it. For a longer drive, an adult riding in the back seat beside your baby can watch your baby's breathing and color.
If any of the signs below happen in the car, pull over as soon as it is safe, take your baby out of the seat, and call 911. These are 911 calls in the car or out of it:
For anything that worries you but is not an emergency, call your baby's doctor the same day.
Only the padding and supports that came with your seat, or that its maker sells for that seat. Products sold separately can loosen the harness. Rolled blankets placed at your baby's sides, outside the harness, are a common way to keep a small baby centered.
Some full-term babies are tested too, because of a small size at birth, low muscle tone, or a condition that affects breathing. The team will tell you the reason for your baby.
The screening is done by the nurses in Orlando Health NICUs and newborn nurseries, on the order of your baby's neonatology or newborn care team.
Neonatal nurses watch a baby's breathing, heart rate and oxygen in the family's own car seat before discharge.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric lung specialists and pediatricians see babies with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who need a car seat check.
Learn More About PediatricsA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamComplete nutrition given through a vein, for a newborn who cannot yet take enough milk. Sugar, protein, fats, salts,...
Learn More About Total Parenteral Nutrition, NeonatalWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby does all the breathing; the pressure holds the lungs open between breaths so each one takes less work. It is one of the most common kinds of breathing help in a NICU.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The first time a parent sees the little knitted hat, the tubing and the prongs at their baby's nose, the question parents ask most is whether this means the baby is very sick. The equipment looks bigger than it is. CPAP is a middle step of breathing help, used every day in neonatal intensive care units, and the baby is breathing on their own the whole time.
Continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, gives a newborn's lungs a constant, light pressure from outside. You may hear it called nasal CPAP or bubble CPAP. The hardest breath is the first one, from completely flat lungs, and once a little air is inside, every breath after it is easier. CPAP keeps a little air in your baby's lungs between breaths, so each new breath starts from partly full.
How long your baby needs it depends on how early they were born, what is making breathing hard, and how quickly their lungs grow: a few hours for some babies, weeks for some of the earliest.
In a baby born early, the tiny air sacs of the lungs tend to close each time the baby breathes out (Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn). Opening them again with every breath is hard work for a small body.
CPAP answers that one problem. A machine sends warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen if needed, through short soft prongs just inside the nostrils or a small mask over the nose, at the same pressure through every breath. Your baby sets the pace and takes every breath.
Where CPAP fits among the kinds of breathing help. Picture a ladder from a little help to all of it. A little oxygen through a thin tube under the nose is the bottom rung (Supplemental oxygen therapy). High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy adds a fast, warm flow. CPAP adds a set pressure. Mechanical ventilation uses a breathing tube and a machine that gives some or all of the breaths, and High-frequency oscillatory ventilation, neonatal is a form of it. Babies move both ways on this ladder, and a move is part of the plan.
By what goes at the nose. Short prongs, a small nasal mask, or the two in turns to rest the skin of the nose.
By how the pressure is made. With bubble CPAP, the air flows out through a tube set at a measured depth under water, and that depth sets the pressure; the bubbling you hear is the system working. Other systems make the pressure inside a machine.
By when it starts. In the delivery room, in the NICU as the first help for breathing trouble, or as the step down after a breathing tube comes out.
A version that adds machine breaths through the same prongs is called NIPPV.
CPAP fits a baby who is breathing and needs help keeping the lungs open. A baby who is not breathing, or who needs more, receives breaths from the team (Positive pressure ventilation, newborn) or a ventilator. A baby with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia is usually given a breathing tube at birth, because pressure through the nose fills the stomach and bowel that lie in the chest.
By condition:
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn usually calls for more help than CPAP gives.
A parent has nothing to do before CPAP starts, and it often starts within minutes of birth. If an early birth is likely, ask at a prenatal visit whether the neonatal team will be at the delivery and what breathing help they expect to give.
At the bedside, clean your hands, ask the nurse to show you how the tubing moves, and ask which alarms are routine.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]A nurse or respiratory therapist fits a small hat or headgear that holds the tubing, then places the prongs or mask. A sensor on a hand or foot reads oxygen (Continuous Pulse Oximetry Monitoring), and stickers on the chest read heart rate and breathing. Breathing often looks easier within minutes.
CPAP pushes some air into the stomach, so most babies have a thin tube through the mouth or nose that lets the air out and is often used for feeds; a baby who has trouble with feeds may have feeding intolerance. The nurses check the skin of the nose often. Many babies on CPAP can be held, including skin to skin, once stable.
As the lungs grow, the team lowers the pressure or gives short breaks off CPAP. Many babies step down to high flow, then a little oxygen, then room air. Going back up a step for a while is common.
Sore or injured skin at the nose. The prongs and mask press on soft skin, and the earliest babies are most at risk. The team checks the nose often and rests the skin.
A swollen belly from air in the stomach, let out through the feeding tube.
An air leak around the lung, called a pneumothorax. It is more common on CPAP than on oxygen alone and can make breathing suddenly harder. If one happens, air may be removed with a needle or a chest tube.
CPAP not being enough. Some babies need more help, and the team moves to a breathing tube and a ventilator, sometimes with surfactant.
In babies born early who are working to breathe, CPAP lowers the chance that breathing fails, and lowers the need for a ventilator, compared with oxygen alone. Most of the trials behind those findings are old, and the reviewers rate the certainty from very low to moderate.
At the bedside, a good result looks like easier breathing, oxygen in the target range on less added oxygen, and over days to weeks, lower pressure and then no CPAP.
The prongs can make the skin of the nose sore, which is why the nurses check them often. Tell the nurse if your baby seems upset; there are ways to help.
Often yes, once your baby is stable. The nurse moves the tubing with your baby.
On bubble CPAP, constant bubbling means the system is making the pressure.
Most babies come off CPAP before going home. A few, often babies with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, go home on a little oxygen, and the team trains you first.
CPAP is given in the hospital. Once your baby is home, call 911 for any of these:
For any other worry, call your baby's doctor or the care team; the Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn page lists more signs.
CPAP at Orlando Health is given by the neonatology teams in our neonatal intensive care units across Central Florida. If a baby needs more than their unit offers, our NICU transport team brings the baby to the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies with breathing support running the whole way.
Neonatologists and respiratory therapists fit CPAP prongs so a baby's lungs stay open between breaths.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric lung specialists follow babies who needed CPAP for respiratory distress syndrome or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Learn More About PediatricsA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA condition of identical twins who share one placenta, where blood flows unevenly from one twin to the other. It is found...
Learn More About Twin-to-twin transfusion syndromeHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between...
Learn More About Surfactant Replacement TherapyA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)Written with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the nose at a faster flow than ordinary oxygen. It makes breathing easier for a newborn or young child who is working hard, with no mask and no breathing tube.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The rush of air at the nose and the water chamber warming beside the bed are usually what a parent notices first, and the question that follows is whether this is a lot of help or a little. It is one of the lighter kinds of breathing help. Your child does all of the breathing, and the flow makes each breath a little easier.
You may hear it called high flow, HFNC, or heated humidified high-flow oxygen. It is used for newborns, and for older babies and young children, most often with bronchiolitis. How long it is needed varies from a day or two in a baby with a chest virus to weeks in some babies born early.
A machine blends air and oxygen, warms the mix close to body temperature, adds moisture from a water chamber, and sends it through two small soft prongs that rest in the nostrils. The flow is faster than ordinary nasal oxygen.
It helps in three ways. The flow washes used air out of the nose and throat, so each breath brings in more fresh air. It can add a small push that helps keep the lungs open. And warm, moist air is easier on the inside of the nose than dry oxygen. Think of opening a window in a stuffy room: the breeze pushes the used air out, and every breath in the room is fresher.
Where high flow fits among the kinds of breathing help. It is one rung above a little oxygen through a thin tube (Supplemental oxygen therapy), and one rung below CPAP. The prongs on high flow are smaller than the nostril and leave a gap, so the push is small and changes from breath to breath. CPAP prongs or a mask fill the nostril and hold a set pressure. Above CPAP come a breathing tube and a ventilator, and breaths given with a mask (Positive pressure ventilation, newborn) are a short-term measure when a baby is not breathing and have their own page. Children move up and down this ladder as their needs change.
By where it is given. In the NICU for newborns, and in the children's emergency department, the children's ward or the pediatric intensive care unit for older babies and young children.
By what flows. Warmed, moistened air alone, or air with added oxygen. The team turns the oxygen up or down to keep your child's oxygen level in a target range. A short rise during sleep, feeding or a cry is common, so ask what the numbers on the monitor mean.
By its job in the plan. As the first help for breathing trouble, as a step down after CPAP or a ventilator, or as a step up from ordinary oxygen.
By goal: to make breathing easier for a child who is working hard, to give oxygen in a form the nose tolerates for days, and to bridge the step down from stronger support.
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn usually needs more help than high flow gives.
What the team checks first: how hard your child is working to breathe, the oxygen level, the breathing rate, and sometimes a blood test or a chest X-ray. The prong size is matched to your child's nostrils so a gap remains around each one.
Feeding. A child working hard to breathe can tire or choke while feeding. The team may slow or pause feeds by mouth, or use a thin feeding tube for a while, and will tell you the plan.
What to tell the team: how your child has been feeding, sleeping and breathing at home, any earlier breathing trouble, and anything that seems different from usual. You know your child's normal better than anyone.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]Starting. The prongs go in, small stickers on the cheeks hold the tubing, and a sensor on a hand or foot reads the oxygen level (Continuous Pulse Oximetry Monitoring). You will hear the rush of air.
How long until it works. Breathing often looks easier within an hour or two: slower, with less pulling in at the ribs.
Day to day. The team turns the flow and the oxygen down as your child improves. Because there is no hat or mask, most children on high flow can be held, cuddled and, for a newborn, held skin to skin.
Coming off. The flow comes down, then your child moves to a little oxygen or to room air. If breathing gets harder, the team moves up to CPAP or a ventilator, which is part of the same plan.
It may not be enough. In babies born early, high flow as the first support is more likely than CPAP to need a change in the first three days, and the number of babies who end up on a ventilator is about the same, because many move to CPAP first. The team watches closely so a step up happens early.
A sore nose, less often than with CPAP.
An air leak around the lung, called a pneumothorax, which can make breathing suddenly harder. It is likely less common on high flow than on CPAP.
A swollen belly from swallowed air, less often than with CPAP.
A push that changes from breath to breath. It depends on prong size, flow and whether the mouth is open, which is why the team watches breathing effort and oxygen continuously.
What high flow is for, in the terms the research supports:
They are neighbors. High flow uses smaller prongs and a fast flow; CPAP fills the nostril and holds a set pressure. CPAP gives more support.
The air is warmed and moistened so it does not dry the nose. Some children fuss at first and get used to it within minutes to hours.
Sometimes. It depends on how hard your child is working to breathe. The team may slow feeds or use a feeding tube for a while.
Most children come off high flow before they go home. A few go home on a little oxygen (Home oxygen therapy), and the team trains you first.
High-flow oxygen is given in the hospital. Once your baby is home, call 911 for any of these:
For any other worry, call your baby's doctor or the care team; the Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn page lists more signs.
For an older baby or child, blue or gray color, a pause in breathing or a child who cannot be woken are 911 calls; for anything else call your child's doctor the same day.
High flow at Orlando Health is given by our neonatal intensive care teams across Central Florida, who use it for newborns, and by our children's emergency and intensive care teams, who use it for older babies and young children, most often with bronchiolitis.
Neonatal intensive care teams use warmed, moistened high-flow air as a lighter step between oxygen and CPAP.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric lung specialists care for older babies and young children on high flow, most often with bronchiolitis.
Learn More About PediatricsA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between...
Learn More About Surfactant Replacement TherapyA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)Written with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of breathing while the lungs heal or grow. It is one of the most common treatments in a NICU, and the team turns it down as your baby needs less.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A tube taped at your baby's mouth and a machine breathing beside the bed: parents meet this moment, and the question that comes first is how sick the baby is. A ventilator means your baby needs a lot of help right now. It also means your baby is getting that help, from a machine used for babies who go on to breathe on their own.
Mechanical ventilation, which you may see written as infant ventilator support, uses a machine to move warmed, moistened air and oxygen into your baby's lungs through a breathing tube. Think of it as a crutch. It takes the weight off while the lungs heal or grow, and your baby leans on it a little less each day until it can be put away.
How long depends on why breathing is hard and how early your baby was born: a day or two for some babies, weeks for some of the earliest.
A ventilator connects to a thin, soft plastic tube, called an endotracheal tube, that passes through your baby's nose or mouth into the windpipe. Through it, the machine gives breaths at a set rhythm and a set pressure or size. It can add a few breaths to the ones your baby takes, or give every breath while your baby rests.
The team sets the oxygen, the strength of each breath and the number of breaths a minute, and changes them as your baby's lungs change.
Where the ventilator fits among the kinds of breathing help. Picture a ladder. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and CPAP help through prongs at the nose while your baby does the breathing. A ventilator is the rung where a tube goes in the windpipe and the machine shares or takes over the work. Breaths given with a mask, Positive pressure ventilation, newborn, come before it, and Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), neonatal is the step beyond it. Babies move both ways on the ladder, and a step up for a while is part of the plan.
By how much the machine does. Some settings add breaths timed to your baby's own; others support every breath your baby starts, with back-up breaths if your baby pauses; others give every breath.
By what the machine measures. Some ventilators set the pressure of each breath and some set its size; the team chooses for your baby's lungs.
High-frequency ventilation. A different kind of ventilator gives hundreds of very small breaths a minute through the same tube. It has its own page, High-frequency oscillatory ventilation, neonatal.
A ventilator is for a baby who needs more than CPAP or high flow can give, or who cannot breathe well enough alone. Some babies born before about 28 weeks, or under about 1,000 grams, are placed on one at birth so they can receive surfactant.
By condition:
There is nothing for you to do before a ventilator starts, and it often starts quickly. If an early birth is expected, ask at a prenatal visit what breathing help the neonatal team expects to give.
At the bedside, clean your hands and ask the nurse where you can touch.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]A neonatologist, neonatal nurse practitioner or respiratory therapist slides the tube past the vocal cords into the windpipe and tapes it in place. When there is time, your baby is given medicine first to prevent pain. The team checks the tube's position by listening, with a sensor and with a chest X-ray.
You will see the tube at your baby's mouth or nose, the ventilator's screen, a sensor on a hand or foot for continuous pulse oximetry monitoring, and often a feeding tube and IV lines. Nurses clear mucus from the tube, and blood tests (Blood gas test, newborn) and X-rays follow the lungs.
You can talk, sing, rest a hand on your baby and help with care; ask the nurse where you can touch. Many babies on a ventilator can be held, including skin to skin, once stable, with the nurse and respiratory therapist moving the tubing.
As the lungs improve, the team lowers the oxygen, the pressure and the number of breaths. When your baby manages on low settings, the tube comes out, and your baby usually moves to CPAP or breaths through nose prongs, then to high flow or a little oxygen. For the earliest babies, caffeine therapy helps them stay off. Some babies need the tube back for a while, and that is common.
Lung injury and long-term lung disease. The pressure and oxygen that help can also strain fragile lungs, and babies who need a ventilator are more likely to develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This is why the team keeps settings as low as possible and the time on the ventilator as short as possible.
An air leak around the lung, called a pneumothorax. It can make breathing suddenly harder, and air may be removed with a needle or a chest tube.
The tube blocking or slipping out of place. Alarms and nurses catch this quickly.
Injury to the airway. In babies who need the tube for a long time, its pressure can irritate or narrow the airway.
Infection. A breathing tube can let germs reach the lungs, and the team watches for signs.
A ventilator can save a baby's life while the lungs heal or grow. It does not treat the cause of the breathing trouble; it buys time for the lungs and the other treatments to work.
At the bedside, a good result looks like oxygen and blood tests in range on lower settings, then the tube coming out. How quickly that happens varies widely.
The tube can bother your baby, so the team watches your baby's face, movements and monitor for signs of pain and gives medicine when it helps. Tell the nurse if your baby seems upset to you.
The tube passes between the vocal cords, so the cry makes no sound. Your baby's voice returns after the tube comes out, and a hoarse cry for a short time afterward is common.
Many alarms are routine, from movement or a loose sensor. The nurse can show you which numbers matter for your baby.
Most babies come off the ventilator long before going home. A few, often babies with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, go home on oxygen or longer-term breathing support, and the team plans that with you well ahead.
Once your baby is home, call 911 for any of these:
For any other worry, call your baby's doctor or the care team; the Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn page lists more signs.
Mechanical ventilation at Orlando Health is provided by the neonatology teams in our neonatal intensive care units across Central Florida, including the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies. If a baby needs more than their unit offers, our NICU Transport Team brings the baby to the Level IV NICU, with breathing support continuing on the way.
Neonatologists place the breathing tube and set a ventilator's breaths, then lower them as a newborn's lungs improve.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric lung specialists follow babies who needed a ventilator and went on to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Learn More About PediatricsA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA condition of identical twins who share one placenta, where blood flows unevenly from one twin to the other. It is found...
Learn More About Twin-to-twin transfusion syndromeSepsis is a serious infection that has spread through a newborn's blood. It can start in the first days after birth or weeks...
Learn More About Late-Onset Neonatal SepsisNeonatal meningitis is an infection of the layers that cover a newborn's brain and spinal cord, usually spreading there from...
Learn More About Neonatal MeningitisCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between...
Learn More About Surfactant Replacement TherapyHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between breaths. It replaces the coating a baby born early has not yet made enough of, and it often makes breathing easier within hours.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
Surfactant is often a word parents hear for the first time in the NICU, in the same conversation as respiratory distress syndrome, and usually with little time to take it in. Neonatal teams give it. It is one of the longest-used and most studied treatments in newborn care, and the question parents ask us most is simple: what is it, and will it help?
Surfactant is a slippery coating of fats and proteins that lines the inside of the air sacs. Think of two sheets of wet plastic wrap, which cling together and are hard to pull apart. Surfactant coats the walls of each air sac so they slide apart easily with every breath. A baby's lungs start making it during pregnancy, and a baby born early may not have enough yet. The treatment gives your baby a supply until the lungs make their own.
Many babies need one dose; some need a second or third. Your baby's team will tell you what they are seeing after each one.
The medicine is a liquid surfactant. The team places it into your baby's windpipe, and from there it spreads down into the lungs and coats the air sacs.
It works on the lungs themselves. Breathing support such as CPAP, a ventilator or a high-frequency oscillatory ventilator pushes air in from outside. Surfactant changes the inside of the lungs so they open more easily, and most babies who receive it are on one of those supports too.
It works fast. The lungs can become less stiff within minutes, which is why the team watches closely and lowers the ventilator's pressure and oxygen soon after a dose.
By what it is made from. Most surfactant medicines are made from cow or pig lungs, purified for use in babies; others are made in a laboratory.
By how it goes in. There are a few ways, and your baby's team chooses the one that fits:
By when it is given. Soon after birth for some of the earliest babies, or in the first hours once signs of breathing trouble appear.
By goal. To give a baby born early the coating their lungs have not made yet. To restore the coating in an older baby whose lungs have been injured by meconium, infection or bleeding. To lower the pressure and oxygen a baby needs.
By condition. By condition:
What the care team checks first. Most babies with breathing trouble start on CPAP. The team gives surfactant when a baby still needs more oxygen or is working too hard to breathe despite that support, or soon after birth for some of the earliest babies.
Monitoring. Your baby is on a monitor for heart rate, breathing and oxygen before, during and after the dose. A blood gas test or a chest X-ray may follow.
Talking with you. When there is time, the team explains the benefits and risks and answers your questions. In the first minutes after birth, the team may need to act first and talk with you right after.
Before birth. If an early birth is expected, the mother may be given steroid shots, which help the baby's lungs make their own surfactant. In a future pregnancy where an early birth is expected, ask about them at a prenatal visit.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]The dose. It takes a few minutes. The team may give it in portions and change your baby's position between them so it spreads through both lungs. You may be asked to step out briefly; ask the nurse.
Right after. Many babies breathe more easily and need less oxygen within minutes to hours, and the team lowers the support to match. The nurses usually wait a while before clearing the breathing tube, so the medicine stays in the lungs.
More doses. If your baby still needs a lot of help, the team may give another dose some hours later.
The days after. With the thin-tube method, most babies stay on CPAP. On a ventilator, the team lowers support as the lungs improve. The medicine itself is used up in the lungs; the rest of the plan is breathing support and time.
Babies born early often receive caffeine therapy in these days as well, to keep their breathing regular while the brain matures.
A short drop in heart rate or oxygen during the dose. This is the most common effect. The team pauses, helps your baby recover, and finishes the dose.
The medicine blocking or backing up the tube. Uncommon; the team clears it. With the thin-tube method, some medicine can come back up.
An air leak around the lung, called a pneumothorax. When the lungs open quickly, the ventilator's pressure must come down quickly too, which is why the team watches so closely after a dose.
Bleeding in the lungs. Rare, and sometimes linked with surfactant.
Infection. In one product's studies, infection after treatment was somewhat more common, with no difference in survival.
Surfactant may not be enough on its own. Some babies still need a ventilator for a time.
What surfactant is for, in the terms the evidence supports:
Many surfactant medicines are made from cow or pig lungs and purified for babies; others are made in a laboratory. If this matters to your family for religious or personal reasons, ask the team which one your baby would receive.
It means your baby's lungs have not made enough of their own coating yet, which is expected in a baby born early. Most babies make their own within days as the lungs mature.
Many babies need one. Some need a second or third, given hours apart.
Sometimes. Many babies are helped by CPAP alone, and some receive surfactant through a thin tube while staying on CPAP. Your baby's team chooses the method for your baby.
Surfactant is given in the hospital. Once your baby is home, call 911 for any of these:
For any other worry, call your baby's doctor or the care team; the Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn page lists more signs.
Surfactant replacement therapy at Orlando Health is given by the neonatology teams in our neonatal intensive care units across Central Florida, including the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Neonatologists place surfactant into a baby's windpipe so the air sacs stay open between breaths.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric lung specialists and the pediatrician follow a baby's breathing after surfactant and any long-term lung disease.
Learn More About PediatricsSurfactant is sometimes given before inhaled nitric oxide when pulmonary hypertension and lung disease come together.
Learn More About Children's HeartA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)Written with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportA gas the body makes on its own, given in a small measured amount through the ventilator to relax tight blood vessels in a newborn's lungs. More blood can then reach the lungs to pick up oxygen while the baby recovers. It is used in a NICU, with the team watching closely.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The word parents usually catch is "gas," and the next thought is that it sounds experimental. Neonatal teams hear that worry at the bedside. Inhaled nitric oxide is a treatment newborn teams have studied and used for decades, and the gas itself is something your baby's body already makes.
Before birth, the blood vessels in a baby's lungs are tight, because the placenta supplies the oxygen. At birth they should relax so blood can flow through the lungs. In some babies they stay tight, and oxygen stays low however much the ventilator gives. Think of a garden hose with someone standing on it: the water is there and cannot get through. The gas takes the weight off the hose.
What this looks like for your baby depends on why the vessels are tight and how quickly they respond. Some babies need the gas for a few days. The team will tell you each day what they are seeing on the monitors.
Nitric oxide is made in the lining of blood vessels all over the body, and its job is to relax them. At birth, a baby's own nitric oxide is part of what opens the lungs' blood vessels.
It goes in with the breaths. A small, measured amount of the gas is mixed into the air the ventilator gives your baby. Nothing new touches your baby; the gas joins the breathing circuit already in place.
It works where the air goes. Breathed in, the gas reaches the blood vessels next to the air sacs and relaxes them, so more blood flows past the air and picks up oxygen.
It stays in the lungs. The blood switches the gas off almost as soon as it arrives, so it has little effect on blood pressure in the rest of the body. That is what sets it apart from medicines given through a vein.
Inhaled nitric oxide is one medicine. What changes is how it is given and where.
Through the ventilator. The usual way, through a breathing tube on either a standard ventilator or a high-frequency oscillatory ventilator. Our Mechanical Ventilation, Neonatal page explains the machine. In some units, a low dose continues through nose prongs once the tube comes out.
On the way to the NICU. The Orlando Health NICU transport team's ambulance is equipped with inhaled nitric oxide, so a baby who needs it before reaching the Level IV NICU can start or continue it on the road.
For older children. Pediatric intensive care teams use it too. This page is written for newborns, where most of the research comes from.
A different test with a similar name. The exhaled nitric oxide test measures this gas in an older child's breath to check for airway inflammation in asthma. It is a breath test, and it has its own page.
By goal. To raise the oxygen in your baby's blood when the lungs' blood vessels stay tight. To lower the chance your baby needs ECMO, the heart-lung machine. And to give the lungs and their vessels time to recover.
By condition. By condition:
What the team checks first. Nitric oxide works best when the lungs are open. Before starting it, the team adjusts the ventilator and may give surfactant replacement therapy when the lung tissue itself is sick.
A look at the heart. An ultrasound of the heart, the newborn echocardiogram, shows how hard the right side of the heart is pushing and rules out heart conditions where the gas would be the wrong choice.
Blood pressure. Low blood pressure can make the problem worse, so the team supports it with fluids or medicine as needed.
Monitoring. Your baby's oxygen is watched continuously on pulse oximetry, often with two sensors, and blood tests check oxygen and the effects of the gas.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]Starting. The gas is added to the ventilator circuit. You will not see or smell anything new at the bedside. In babies who respond, oxygen usually rises within the first hour.
The oxygen numbers on the monitor and the blood tests show whether it is working, and you can ask the team which number they are watching.
The days on it. The team lowers the oxygen first, then lowers the gas in small steps, often over a day or more. Coming off slowly matters, because stopping all at once can make the vessels tighten again.
If it does not help. Not every baby responds. When the gas is not raising the oxygen, the team stops it and moves to other medicines that relax the lungs' vessels, or to ECMO.
After the NICU. Babies who were this sick are followed for growth, development and hearing. At Orlando Health, the NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital follows babies after discharge.
A change in the blood's oxygen carrier. The gas can turn a small part of the blood's hemoglobin into a form, methemoglobin, that delivers less oxygen to the body. Blood tests check the level, and the dose is set to keep it low.
A byproduct in the air. When nitric oxide meets oxygen it forms nitrogen dioxide, which can irritate the lungs. The equipment measures it continuously.
A drop in oxygen if it stops too quickly. This is the reason for the slow wean.
No response. Some babies with persistent pulmonary hypertension do not have a lasting response.
Some heart conditions. In a few heart problems the gas can make breathing worse, which is why the heart is checked first.
What inhaled nitric oxide is for, in the terms the evidence supports:
These benefits come from studies in babies born at or near term. For babies born early, the evidence is mixed, and the team weighs it for each baby.
No. Laughing gas is nitrous oxide, a different chemical used to help a patient relax at the dentist. Nitric oxide relaxes blood vessels and is made by the body every day.
Touching and talking to your baby are usually welcome. Ask the nurse how and when, because some very sick babies are sensitive to handling while their oxygen is unstable.
Most babies born early do not. Their breathing trouble usually comes from air sacs that need surfactant and support, and that is treated in other ways. The team may use the gas for a baby born early whose lung vessels are the problem.
The studies of babies born at or near term found no difference in development or hearing from the gas itself. The condition that made it necessary is the reason your baby will be followed after discharge.
Inhaled nitric oxide is given in the hospital. Once your baby is home, call 911 for any of these:
For any other worry, call your baby's doctor or the care team; the Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn page lists more signs.
Inhaled nitric oxide is ordered by neonatologists and delivered by respiratory therapists and neonatal nurses in Orlando Health NICUs across Central Florida, including the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Neonatologists order inhaled nitric oxide and respiratory therapists add it to the ventilator circuit for a newborn.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric lung specialists and pediatric eye doctors can join the follow-up of babies treated with inhaled nitric oxide.
Learn More About PediatricsAn echocardiogram checks the heart before inhaled nitric oxide, which treats high pressure in the lungs' vessels.
Learn More About Children's HeartA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between...
Learn More About Surfactant Replacement TherapyHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)Written with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportECMO is heart and lung support outside the body. A machine adds oxygen to a newborn's blood and returns it, so the lungs, and sometimes the heart, can rest and heal. It is offered to the sickest babies when every other treatment has been tried, and it is used for days to weeks.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
When neonatal teams raise ECMO, parents often hear it as the last thing left. The teams describe it as a bridge: many babies go on ECMO, rest their lungs, and come off it. This page explains what happens along the way, including the risks.
ECMO stands for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which means adding oxygen to the blood outside the body. It works a little like a cast on a broken arm. The cast does not mend the bone. It holds everything still so the body can do the mending. ECMO does the work of the lungs so they can heal.
How long your baby needs it, and how it goes, depends most on the condition behind it. The team will talk with you every day about what they are seeing.
A surgeon places soft tubes, called cannulas, into large blood vessels, in newborns usually in the neck. A pump draws blood out through one tube and sends it through an artificial lung, which adds oxygen, removes carbon dioxide and warms the blood. The blood then returns to your baby through the other tube.
It supports; it does not cure. ECMO gives the lungs, and sometimes the heart, time to rest while the team treats the cause. Because the machine supplies the oxygen, the ventilator can be turned down to lower settings, which lets injured lungs recover.
It runs for days, sometimes weeks. The heart-lung machine used during heart surgery runs for a few hours; ECMO uses the same idea over a much longer time.
Support for the heart and lungs (veno-arterial ECMO). Blood leaves through a vein and returns through an artery, so the machine supports both the lungs and the heart. In newborns the tubes usually go into a large vein and a large artery on the right side of the neck.
Support for the lungs only (veno-venous ECMO). Blood leaves and returns through a vein, often through one tube with two channels, and your baby's own heart does the pumping.
The team chooses by whether your baby's heart needs help too.
For older children, and for heart failure. The same machine supports older children and children with heart conditions such as a congenital heart defect; that care has its own page.
By goal. To keep enough oxygen reaching your baby's body when the lungs cannot. To rest the lungs from the high pressure and oxygen that would otherwise injure them. To support a heart that is struggling. And to buy time while the cause is treated.
ECMO is considered for a newborn with sudden, severe lung or heart failure that the team believes can recover, when the strongest standard treatments, including mechanical ventilation, surfactant replacement therapy, inhaled nitric oxide therapy and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, are not raising the oxygen. Babies are usually born close to term and above a minimum size, because smaller and earlier babies have a much higher risk of bleeding in the brain. A major bleed in the brain already, or a condition that cannot recover, usually rules it out.
Preparation is the team's, and it often happens within hours. A doctor explains why ECMO is being recommended and what the risks are, and asks for your permission. Ask anything you need to. Good questions: which kind your baby will have, where the tubes will go, and what the team will watch for in the first day.
If your baby is at another hospital, the Orlando Health NICU transport team brings your baby to the Level IV NICU in an ambulance equipped with heart and lung bypass. A large team sets up the machine and fills it with blood before it is connected.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]The surgeon places the tubes at the bedside while your baby is sedated and given pain medicine. Your baby stays on the ventilator at low settings. A blood thinner keeps the circuit from clotting, so blood tests are taken many times a day, and transfusions are common. Head ultrasounds through the soft spot check for bleeding. Nutrition comes through a vein or a feeding tube. In the first days your baby may look swollen, which eases as the body recovers.
You can usually be at the bedside. Check with the nurse or the ECMO specialist before touching or talking to your baby, and they will show you how.
As the lungs recover, the support is turned down. The team then tries a "trial off," clamping the circuit for a set time to see whether your baby's heart and lungs manage alone. When they do, the surgeon removes the tubes. In the kind that uses a neck artery, that artery is usually closed off, and the other side of the neck supplies the brain.
Your baby will still need the ventilator for a time, and the NICU stay continues after ECMO. After going home, babies who needed ECMO are followed for development, hearing, breathing and growth. At Orlando Health, the NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital follows babies after discharge.
At home, the signs that mean a 911 call are in the last question below.
Before ECMO starts, the team will go through these with you.
Bleeding is the most common complication, because of the blood thinner. Bleeding in the brain is the most serious, which is why the head is checked so often.
Clots can form in the tubing. The ECMO specialists check the circuit constantly and change parts when needed.
Brain injury, including seizures or a stroke.
Infection, kidney strain and fluid build-up. Kidney function usually recovers.
Equipment problems, which are rare.
Some babies do not recover, even with ECMO. If the team believes ECMO is no longer helping your baby toward recovery, they will tell you, and they will make the next decisions with you.
The result the team works toward is a baby whose lungs, and heart where needed, can do the work again, so the tubes can come out. How likely that is depends most on the condition behind it, and the team will talk with you about your baby's outlook.
Children who needed ECMO have a higher chance of problems with development, learning, hearing or breathing later on, which is why the follow-up visits matter. Much of that risk comes from how sick a baby was before ECMO.
Your baby is sedated while the tubes go in and gets pain medicine throughout. Once in place, the tubes are not painful.
Holding is usually not possible while the tubes are in, and touching and talking often are. Ask the nurse what is safe each day.
The other side of the neck supplies blood to the brain, and problems are rare. Some centers repair the artery instead. Ask the surgeon which is planned.
The NICU team, with ECMO specialists, nurses, respiratory therapists or perfusionists trained to run the machine, and surgeons. Social workers and chaplains can support you as well.
Once your baby is home, call 911 for any of these:
For any other worry, call your baby's doctor or the care team; the Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn page lists more signs.
In the NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies, ECMO is provided by the Orlando Health Arnold Palmer ECMO team, with ECMO specialists and pediatric perfusionists. The machine is brought to your baby, so your baby stays in the NICU.
Neonatologists and ECMO specialists use a heart-lung machine outside the body to rest a newborn's lungs and heart.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric lung specialists follow a baby's breathing and growth after the ECMO tubes come out and the NICU stay ends.
Learn More About PediatricsECMO can support a struggling heart as well as the lungs, and a congenital heart defect can be the reason it is raised.
Learn More About Children's HeartA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it...
Learn More About Congenital heart defectA breathing condition of newborns, most often babies born early, whose lungs have not yet made enough surfactant to keep...
Learn More About Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the NewbornThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesCPAP sends air and oxygen at a constant, set pressure through soft prongs or a small mask at your baby's nose. Your baby...
Learn More About Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), newbornHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy blows warmed, moistened air, with extra oxygen when needed, through small soft prongs in the...
Learn More About High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapyA ventilator gives your baby breaths through a soft tube placed in the windpipe, sharing or taking over the work of...
Learn More About Mechanical Ventilation, NeonatalA medicine placed directly into your baby's windpipe that coats the inside of the tiny air sacs so they stay open between...
Learn More About Surfactant Replacement TherapyWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportTreatment with a special blue light that lowers the bilirubin causing your baby's jaundice. Your baby lies under or on the light in a diaper and eye shields for a day or two, sometimes longer, with breaks to feed. It keeps the level from climbing high enough to harm the brain.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
Many parents first see it on the second or third day: their baby asleep in a blue glow, wearing only a diaper and a small mask over the eyes. Newborn nurseries and NICUs set it up every week, and the first questions parents ask are the same ones. Is my baby in danger, and can I still feed and hold my baby?
Phototherapy, often called bili lights, is the most common treatment for newborn jaundice, the yellow color that comes from a pigment called bilirubin (Newborn jaundice). In the first days of life the liver is the usual route for clearing bilirubin, and it works slowly at first. The light acts through the skin. It changes bilirubin into forms the body can pass in urine and stool without waiting on the liver.
How long your baby needs it depends on the bilirubin level, how fast it is rising, how early your baby was born and what is causing it. The team checks the level as they go and will tell you what they see.
Bilirubin comes from red blood cells as the body replaces old ones. Before birth, the placenta clears it. After birth, the baby's liver needs a few days to take over, which is why most newborns look a little yellow.
The light works in the skin. Bilirubin absorbs blue light best. When the light reaches the skin, it changes the bilirubin there into forms that dissolve in water, so they leave in urine and stool. The more skin the light reaches, the better it works, which is why your baby wears only a diaper.
It treats one kind of jaundice, the kind behind nearly all newborn jaundice. Jaundice from a liver or bile duct problem needs different tests, and the team looks for it if the yellow lasts or the stool turns pale.
Standard phototherapy, from lights over a bassinet or a lighted pad under your baby, often in the nursery or your room.
Intensive phototherapy, stronger blue light, closer, over more of the skin, sometimes from above and below at once. Current national guidance uses it as the usual starting dose.
By goal. To bring the bilirubin level below the treatment line for your baby's age in hours, to keep it from reaching a level that could injure the brain, and to lower the chance of an exchange transfusion.
By condition. By condition:
For an antibody cause, if the bilirubin keeps rising toward the exchange level despite the lights, the team may consider an immunoglobulin infusion.
What the care team checks first. Where the cause matters, the team checks your baby's blood type and whether your antibodies are attached to your baby's red cells, especially if you are type O or Rh negative. A blood count and sometimes a G6PD test help find a cause. The level itself comes from a newborn bilirubin level check.
What to tell the team. Whether a parent or older sibling needed light treatment as a newborn, or anyone in the family has G6PD deficiency.
Feeding. Keep breastfeeding. Feeding 8 to 12 times a day helps your baby pass bilirubin in stool. The team may suggest extra milk or formula; water and sugar water are never used for jaundice.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]Starting. In a diaper and eye shields, your baby lies under the light or on a lighted pad. The nurse may turn your baby and watches temperature, feeding and diapers.
In the NICU. A baby born early or unwell usually gets the light in an incubator, where warmth and fluids are watched closely.
At home. Some well, full-term babies are treated with a light blanket or pad. It depends on strict conditions, including a baby at least two days old who is feeding well, a level only a little over the line, and a blood test and a nurse visit every day.
Feeds and holding. For most babies the light can be paused for up to 30 minutes to feed and hold your baby. When the level is very high, breaks may be shorter.
Checking that it works. A repeat blood test usually comes within about 12 hours, sooner if red cells are breaking down. The skin meter is not used on skin that has been under the lights.
How long. In the hospital, usually one to two days, and longer for a baby born early or with an antibody cause. The light stops once the level has dropped well below the line where it started. In the NICU, the light is often one part of a larger plan.
After. Bilirubin can rise again once the light stops, so many babies have one more check within a day or two, and every baby sees a doctor soon after going home. The signs that need help at home are in the questions below.
Temperature and fluids. The light can overheat a baby or increase fluid loss through the skin, mostly in babies born early, and the team watches for both.
Loose stools, from the bilirubin leaving the body. A rash can appear and fades after treatment.
Eyes. The eye shields protect the eyes from the bright light and stay on while the light is on.
Time apart. Treatment can mean less time holding your baby and a longer stay.
Effects found in long-term studies. Large studies have found a small increase in childhood seizures, and possibly in some childhood cancers, with conflicting findings. They are why the light is kept for babies whose level crosses the line, where the brain injury it prevents is the larger risk.
What phototherapy is for, in the terms the evidence supports:
No. Most newborns have some jaundice, and feeding often helps lower it. If feeds are hard, a nurse or lactation consultant can help; see lactation support for newborns.
No. Sunlight is unsafe for treating jaundice: its dose cannot be measured, and it can burn or chill a baby.
It is blue visible light, without the ultraviolet of a tanning lamp, and it does not burn. Some babies get loose stools or a passing rash.
Sometimes. Bilirubin can rise again after the light stops, which is why there is often one more check.
Look at your baby in daylight and press a fingertip on the forehead or nose; skin that looks yellow when you lift your finger is jaundice. On darker skin, check the whites of the eyes. Once your baby is home, call 911 for any of these:
Call your baby's doctor the same day if the yellow spreads to the belly, legs or the soles of the feet, deepens, or comes with poor feeding or fewer wet diapers.
Phototherapy is given in the newborn nursery at every Orlando Health hospital that delivers babies and in Orlando Health NICUs across Central Florida, by nurses, pediatric hospitalists and neonatologists.
Newborn nurseries and NICUs treat jaundice with blue light that lowers bilirubin, with breaks to feed and hold your baby.
Learn More About Neonatal CareThe pediatrician checks bilirubin after the light stops and soon after going home, when it can rise again.
Learn More About PediatricsYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half...
Learn More About Newborn JaundiceA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA condition of identical twins who share one placenta, where blood flows unevenly from one twin to the other. It is found...
Learn More About Twin-to-twin transfusion syndromeHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our pediatricians see newborns across Central Florida, from the first checkup after the hospital.
Find a PediatricianComplete nutrition given through a vein, for a newborn who cannot yet take enough milk. Sugar, protein, fats, salts, vitamins and minerals go straight into the blood, so growth can continue while the gut matures or heals. As milk feeds increase, the team turns it down, step by step, until milk feeds supply everything.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A bag on a pump beside the incubator, often in a cover, with a line of white fluid joining it. Parents of babies born very early see it in the first days, and so do parents whose baby's feeds stop for a bowel illness or surgery. Neonatal teams across Central Florida adjust it.
Total parenteral nutrition, or TPN, is feeding through a vein instead of the gut. You may also hear "IV nutrition", "PN" or "hyperal". Think of the gut as a kitchen, where milk is broken down into small pieces the body can use. TPN arrives already prepared in those small pieces, so it goes straight to the table.
How long your baby needs it depends on how early your baby was born and what is keeping feeds small.
TPN is a liquid made for your baby that holds fluid, salts, sugar, protein, vitamins and minerals, and usually fats. A pump sends it into a vein around the clock. It gives far more nutrition than an ordinary IV drip, which holds only sugar and salts.
The bags. In many units the fats run in a separate syringe and look white like milk. The bag and tubing are often covered, because light can break the fats down.
Three things through a vein, three pages. The everyday drip of water, sugar and salts is IV fluid therapy. Extra sugar to treat a low blood sugar is IV dextrose therapy. Once protein or fats are in the bag, it is TPN.
From the first hours, for babies born very early, who have small stores of nutrition.
When feeding has to wait, for a baby born near term whose feeds are days away, as around surgery.
Alongside milk, as partial TPN while feeds build.
For months, and at home. A baby with short bowel syndrome may need TPN for months, sometimes for part of each day and sometimes at home.
By goal. To feed your baby fully while the gut cannot, to top up milk feeds while they build, and to keep growth on track.
By condition.
The line. In the first days, the team may use a line in the umbilical cord vein (Umbilical vein catheter placement), or a small IV for a short course. For longer, most babies get a PICC line, which reaches a large vein near the heart.
The recipe. The team sets the bag each day from your baby's weight, age, blood tests and feeds, often with a dietitian and pharmacist.
Your milk. If you plan to give your milk, start pumping now; it is wanted for the first trophic feeds. See Lactation support, newborn.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]Starting. TPN runs day and night. Blood tests come often at first, then less often, and they catch problems early. Your baby is weighed daily.
Coming off. As milk feeds grow, through bolus tube feeding or continuous tube feeding, usually by a nasogastric or orogastric tube, TPN comes down, and it stops when feeds give enough.
How long. Days for many babies, a few weeks for some of the smallest, months for a baby with short bowel syndrome.
A baby likely to need TPN for about three months or more may go home on it once you, and ideally a second adult, are trained, with a home nutrition team supplying the bags. Our guide for the family helping at home is written for the grandparents and sitters who share the shifts.
The house rules: wash your hands before touching your baby near the line, the tubing or the supplies. Only the adults your team trained connect, disconnect, flush or change the dressing. Keep the tubing loose and in sight, the dressing dry and the clamps closed except during use. Keep the fever plan where everyone can see it.
The signs that mean a 911 call or a same-day call are in the last question below.
Infection. A central line can let germs into the blood, more so the longer it stays. It is the most serious risk, and one cause of late-onset neonatal sepsis. Clean technique at every touch lowers it, and a blood culture checks for it.
Levels out of range. Sugar, fats or salts can run high or low; the blood tests catch it and the next bag is changed.
The liver. Long courses can strain the liver, which can show as jaundice (see prolonged neonatal jaundice). It is more likely the longer TPN runs and the less milk a baby gets, and more likely in the smallest babies and after bowel surgery. The team watches liver tests and can change the fats.
The line itself. It can move, block, clot or leak into the skin.
Bones, with months of TPN. Bone strength is checked over time.
What TPN is for, in the terms the evidence supports:
A baby on full TPN is fed. Many babies still like to suck, and the team can offer a pacifier.
Your milk is the first choice for the first feeds, and spare milk can be frozen.
Usually yes, skin to skin too, with a nurse helping with the line. Our kangaroo care page explains it.
For most babies born early, the gut is still getting ready for full feeds. For others, it needs rest after an illness or surgery. Your baby's team can tell you which applies.
If your baby goes home on TPN, call 911 for any of these:
Call your baby's care team the same day for: redness, swelling or oozing where the line enters the skin, or a wet or loose dressing; a line that will not flush, or a pump alarm your steps do not clear; more stool or ostomy output than usual, without the signs above; vomiting more than usual, or feeding less; a stoma that looks darker or swollen, or sore skin around it; yellowing of the skin or eyes, or pale stools; weight that stalls or drops.
When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see. If nobody answers and it looks like the first list, call 911.
Neonatal teams give TPN in Orlando Health NICUs, often with a dietitian and pharmacist who help set each bag.
Neonatologists and NICU nurses give nutrition by vein and turn it down as a baby's milk feeds grow.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric digestive specialists follow babies who stay on nutrition by vein for months, as with short bowel syndrome.
Learn More About PediatricsAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight...
Learn More About Growth falteringHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU, starting and keeping a milk supply by pumping until your baby can feed at the breast. Lactation consultants and nurses work with you from the first hours, and the plan fits your baby, your body and your family.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A syringe holding a few drops of colostrum, labelled with your baby's name. A pump you had never seen before yesterday, running beside an incubator at three in the morning. Mothers start here, and our NICU and mother-baby teams tell each one that every drop counts.
Lactation support, also called breastfeeding support or a lactation consultation, is help with feeding your newborn your own milk. In the NICU, most of it is about your milk: starting early, pumping often and keeping your supply going for weeks. With a healthy baby in your room, it is mostly the latch and knowing your baby is getting enough. This page covers both.
What feeding looks like for your family depends on how early your baby was born, how your baby is doing, and your own recovery.
Your help comes from lactation consultants, trained to help mothers breastfeed and pump, and from your nurses. The lactation consultant's role has its own page: Lactation Consultant. At Orlando Health, the Breastfeeding Education Center at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies is the home of certified lactation consultants.
Your supply runs on demand. Milk supply works like a bakery that bakes to its orders. Each time milk leaves your breasts, by your baby or a pump, your body reads it as an order for more, and long gaps read as fewer orders. That is why the team asks you to start early and pump often, night included.
Your milk does a particular job for a baby born early. The American Academy of Pediatrics calls a mother's own milk, with added nutrients, the best nutrition for a very small baby, and it lowers the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, a serious bowel illness.
By goal: feeding a healthy newborn at the breast · keeping a supply while you and your baby are apart · getting your milk to a sick or premature baby · moving from tube to breast · a plan for home.
By condition. The team brings in lactation support for families of babies with:
Tell the team you want to give your milk, as soon after the birth as you can, even if you are unsure. Starting early keeps your choices open.
Bring every medicine you take, prescribed or not, to the team. Most are fine with breastfeeding. A few medicines, infections and imaging tests mean pausing for a while, and a very few conditions mean your milk cannot be used.
Expect it to take practice. Hand expression, the pump and the latch are skills for you and your baby. The first days often give drops, and the volume rises over the first week or two.
Plan for nights. Pumping at least once overnight helps your supply.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]The first hours. A nurse or lactation consultant shows you hand expression, and your colostrum goes to your baby in a labelled syringe.
The pumping weeks. You pump at the bedside and at home, often, around the clock. Label each container as the unit teaches you and bring the milk in chilled or frozen as instructed. Your baby's tube feeds, described on the Nasogastric or Orogastric Tube Feeding, Neonatal page, use it from there, often with extra nutrients, human milk fortifier, added.
Skin-to-skin, then the breast. Holding your baby on your chest, kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care, helps your supply and leads to practice at an emptied breast. As your baby shows readiness, the first real feeds begin, alongside tube feeds at first. A baby who has trouble coordinating sucking, swallowing and breathing may also see a feeding therapist: Infant Feeding and Swallowing Therapy.
Before you go home. You leave with a plan: how often to feed or pump, whether fortifier or formula stays in, and who to call.
If your own milk is not enough yet. For very small babies, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends pasteurized donor milk from a screened milk bank when a mother's own milk is not available or not enough, and preterm formula when donor milk is unavailable or a family decides against it. Donor Milk has its own page. Ask the team whether your baby's NICU uses it. If you have more milk than your baby needs, the Milk Depot is a drop-off point where you can donate it. A nonprofit milk bank screens every donor and pasteurizes every batch, and the milk goes to premature and sick babies.
The help itself is low risk. What you need to know is about your own body.
Bring them. Colostrum comes in small amounts by design, and those drops go to your baby. Supply often grows with frequent pumping, and the lactation consultant can help if it does not.
Many mothers do. Babies move from tube to breast step by step, and the lactation consultant is with you for the first feeds.
Sometimes, when milk is short or extra calories are needed. The team talks it through with you first.
Tell the team before you pump or feed. Most do not stop breastfeeding, and for the few that do, the team helps you keep your supply going until you can start again.
Your pediatrician checks your baby's weight at the first visit. Call your baby's doctor the same day if your baby has fewer wet diapers, seems too sleepy to feed, or looks more yellow.
Call 911 for any of these:
Lactation support comes from lactation consultants and your baby's nurses. Ask your baby's team who to call at your hospital. The doctors and the places you can get help are listed below.
Lactation consultants and nurses help a mother start and keep a milk supply while her baby is in the NICU.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric digestive specialists and therapists join when a baby's latch, tube feeds or growth need extra feeding help.
Learn More About PediatricsAn opening in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth, or both, that forms before birth. Feeding takes special care at first,...
Learn More About Cleft lip and palateSlower weight gain or growth than expected for a baby's or child's age. It is common, usually found at a routine weight...
Learn More About Growth falteringYellow skin and eyes in the first days of life, from bilirubin a newborn's liver is still learning to clear. More than half...
Learn More About Newborn JaundiceA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightAn illness of the intestine, mostly in babies born early, in which the lining of the bowel becomes inflamed and parts of the...
Learn More About Necrotizing EnterocolitisA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)Holding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareTreatment with a special blue light that lowers the bilirubin causing your baby's jaundice. Your baby lies under or on the...
Learn More About Phototherapy, NewbornComplete nutrition given through a vein, for a newborn who cannot yet take enough milk. Sugar, protein, fats, salts,...
Learn More About Total Parenteral Nutrition, NeonatalA quick hearing screen in which a soft probe rests in your baby's ear and listens for the faint echo a healthy inner ear...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Otoacoustic Emissions Test)The planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our teams see NICU graduates through the first years. Ask your baby's NICU team which visits your baby needs.
About NICU Follow-Up VisitsCooling therapy lowers a newborn's body temperature to a set level for three days to protect the brain after a lack of oxygen around birth. It works best when it starts within six hours of birth, which is why the team moves quickly, and it ends with a slow, careful warming back to normal.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
Most parents know newborns are kept warm, so hearing that the team plans to make your baby cold can sound wrong. Many parents feel that worry. The cold is the treatment. It is set by a machine and checked around the clock, and the hours after birth are why everything moved so fast.
Doctors call it therapeutic hypothermia. Families usually hear it called cooling. It is used for a baby born at or near term who shows signs of brain injury from a lack of oxygen and blood flow around birth, a condition called hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
How your baby does during and after cooling depends most on how much the brain was affected, and that takes days to become clear. The team will talk with you each day about what they are seeing.
Your baby's body temperature is lowered to about 33.5°C (about 92.3°F), a few degrees below normal, and held there for 72 hours. Then your baby is warmed back to a normal temperature slowly, over several hours.
Why cold helps. Some of the harm from a lack of oxygen keeps developing in the hours and days after birth. Cooling slows the brain's activity and that later harm. Think of turning the heat down under a pot that is about to boil over. What has already happened stays, and what comes next is slowed.
Why the clock matters. Cooling protects most when it starts early, within six hours of birth. That is why the decision is made quickly, and why cooling may begin before your baby reaches the NICU.
Whole-body cooling. Your baby lies on, or is wrapped in, a blanket with cooled water running through it. A small temperature probe, placed in the bottom or down the throat toward the stomach, tells the machine how warm your baby is, and the machine adjusts the blanket to hold the set temperature.
Head cooling. A cooling cap with milder cooling of the body. It is also effective.
By goal: to lower the chance of lasting harm after a lack of oxygen around birth.
A baby who is simply cold has a different problem with a different treatment, described on our neonatal hypothermia page. An older child cooled after a cardiac arrest or brain injury has a separate page.
What the team checks. How your baby was born and how they needed help (see Newborn Resuscitation for the first minutes after birth), a blood test for acid in the blood, and an exam of tone, alertness, reflexes and breathing. Cooling is used for babies born at 36 weeks or later with moderate or severe signs.
Babies born earlier. For babies born at 33 to 35 weeks, cooling did not lower the chance of lasting harm, so the team weighs your baby's age at birth carefully. For milder signs, whether cooling helps is still being studied.
What you will be asked. A doctor explains why cooling is recommended and what to expect, and answers your questions. Good questions: when cooling started, what the team will watch, and when the brain scan is planned.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]Cooling on the way. If your baby is born at a hospital that does not offer cooling, the team may start it before or during the move. The Orlando Health NICU transport team brings babies from other hospitals to the Level IV NICU.
The first hours. Your baby is in an open bed in the NICU, on the cooling blanket, with sensors for breathing, heart rate, oxygen and blood pressure. Many cooled babies are on a breathing machine (Mechanical Ventilation, Neonatal), and some also receive Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy. Medicine keeps them free of pain and still.
The three days. Temperature is read continuously. Blood tests check the kidneys, liver, blood sugar, salts and clotting, because a lack of oxygen can affect more than the brain. Brain waves are often watched through the whole cooling period with amplitude-integrated EEG monitoring or a full newborn EEG. Feeding often comes through a vein at first. Your baby may feel cool to your touch. That is expected.
Rewarming. After 72 hours, the machine raises the temperature slowly, over about six hours. The team watches closely, because seizures can appear during rewarming, mostly in babies who had them earlier.
After. A brain MRI is usually done in the days after rewarming (Newborn brain MRI), and feeding by mouth builds up. How your baby's brain is doing becomes clear over days. The exam, brain-wave monitoring during the first 72 hours and the MRI after rewarming each add part of the picture, and follow-up visits add the rest. After going home, your baby's development is followed. The NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital checks growth and development at set points.
At home, the signs that mean a 911 call are in the last question below.
The team will go through these with you.
A slower heart rate is expected while your baby is cold.
Fewer platelets, the blood cells that help clotting, is more common with cooling and is checked by blood tests.
Lower blood pressure, watched and treated with fluids or medicine.
Firm, reddish or purple lumps under the skin, called fat necrosis, are uncommon, and calcium may be checked after you go home. The lumps usually show up after cooling.
Seizures during rewarming, described above.
Cooling helps many babies and does not prevent every injury. The team will tell you what they see each day and make the next decisions with you.
For babies born at or near term with moderate or severe brain injury from a lack of oxygen, cooling lowers the chance of death and the chance of major disability at 18 months. It does this without raising disability among the babies who survive. The benefit continued to school age.
Cooling for longer than 72 hours, or colder than 33.5°C, did not improve on this, which is why the timing and temperature are fixed.
It depends on the unit and on how your baby is doing. Some NICUs help parents hold a cooled baby with the blanket left in place, and studies found babies' temperatures and vital signs did not change during holding. Ask the nurse what is possible for your baby each day.
Touch your baby's hands or head, talk and sing, and ask to help with care such as mouth care or a diaper change. If you plan to breastfeed, ask about pumping so your milk is ready when feeds start. Leave the blanket and probes to the team.
Your baby gets medicine for pain and to stay still, and the team watches for signs of discomfort such as shivering or a raised heart rate.
Benefit was shown when cooling started within six hours. Starting between 6 and 24 hours may still help, and that remains uncertain.
Once your baby is home, call 911 for any of these:
For any other worry, call your baby's doctor or the care team; the Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy page lists more signs.
Cooling is provided by neonatologists, neonatal nurses and respiratory therapists in the Level IV NICU at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies.
Neonatologists start cooling within six hours of birth and hold a baby at 33.5°C for 72 hours.
Learn More About Neonatal CareA pediatrician follows a cooled baby's growth and development after going home.
Learn More About PediatricsCooling protects the brain after a lack of oxygen, with brain waves watched and an MRI after rewarming.
Learn More About Children's NeuroscienceWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Answers to the questions NICU parents ask, from visiting and holding your baby to feeding and going home, and breastfeeding support for parents.
Questions NICU Parents AskBreastfeeding SupportA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks whether sound travels from the ear along the hearing nerve. A "refer" result means your baby needs a full hearing test, which is planned by 3 months.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
Some parents never see this test. It happens in the nursery while their baby sleeps, and the result arrives as one word: pass or refer. Other parents hear "the first screen did not pass" on the morning they planned to go home, and the drive home is full of questions. Hospitals screen every baby before discharge, and a refer is a common result that calls for a closer look.
You may hear it called the ABR, the AABR or the brainstem test. It is one of two newborn hearing screens. The other, the otoacoustic emissions (OAE) test, checks the ear itself. Think of a doorbell: the OAE checks that the bell rings inside the house, and the ABR checks that someone inside hears it and comes to the door.
Soft earphones play low clicks into your baby's ears. Small sticky sensors on the head pick up the brain's automatic response as the sound travels along the hearing nerve to the brainstem. A computer compares that response with a set pattern and gives a result for each ear.
It is one of the screens of the first days, alongside newborn metabolic and genetic screening, car seat tolerance screening and critical congenital heart defect screening. It tells the team whether your baby needs a full hearing test, and it cannot diagnose hearing loss on its own. Florida asks that every baby born in a hospital be screened before going home.
About 2 to 3 of every 1,000 babies in the United States are born with hearing loss in one or both ears (congenital hearing loss). Babies learn speech and language fastest in the first three years, and babies with hearing loss who get help early tend to build stronger language skills, which is why the check happens in the first days.
The ABR may be your baby's only hearing screen, or a second step. Some nurseries start with the OAE and use the ABR when the OAE does not pass; others start with the ABR.
Nothing is needed from you. The screen works best while your baby sleeps, so a feed and a snug swaddle beforehand help. If your baby is awake and fussing, the screener may wait and come back.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]A trained screener places soft earphones or small cups over your baby's ears and a few sticky sensors on the forehead, the back of the neck or behind the ears. The machine plays clicks and records the response. It takes a few minutes, often 5 to 10, and many babies sleep through it.
The screen is painless and uses no needles. The tape on the sensors can leave a little redness that fades.
The real risks come with the result. A refer can worry a family for weeks over a baby who hears well, and a pass can feel like the last word when some hearing loss appears later. Follow-up answers both.
Pass. Your baby's hearing was in the screen's range for that ear on that day. Keep watching how your baby responds to sound and voices as the months go by, and some babies are checked again later.
Refer. It means your baby needs more testing, and it does not mean your baby has hearing loss. Babies do not pass for many reasons, among them fluid in the ear or a noisy room. What comes next follows a timeline the sources call 1, 3, 6:
A CMV test. In Florida, a baby who does not pass the hospital hearing screen is also tested for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV), a common virus that can affect hearing, before 21 days of age or before going home, whichever comes first. See congenital CMV infection (Congenital cytomegalovirus infection).
No. A refer means a closer look is needed. The only way to know how your baby hears is the full hearing test, and keeping that appointment by 3 months is the most useful thing you can do.
Babies who spend more than five days in a NICU should have the ABR, because it checks the hearing nerve as well as the ear.
It can. Some hearing loss shows up months or years after birth, after certain infections such as congenital CMV or meningitis, or with some inherited causes. If you ever wonder whether your baby hears you, ask for a hearing test; you do not need to wait for a checkup.
Tell the team, ideally before the birth, and they will talk it through with you. Florida law lets a parent object; the screen is then not done, and a written objection you sign is kept in your baby's record. If your baby does not have the screen, your baby's doctor will want to know, so hearing can be checked another way.
The hearing screen checks hearing only, and the first weeks at home have their own warning signs. Call 911 for any of these:
Call your baby's doctor the same day if your baby is feeding poorly or has fewer wet diapers than usual. A baby who does not startle at loud sounds or turn toward your voice in the weeks ahead is a reason to ask for a hearing test at the next visit, or sooner if you are worried.
The screen is done in the nursery at every Orlando Health hospital that delivers babies and in Orlando Health NICUs in Central Florida, by trained screeners working with audiology, and the result goes to your baby's doctor. The full hearing test after a refer is done by a pediatric audiologist.
Newborn and NICU teams run the ABR hearing screen before discharge, especially after a NICU stay over five days.
Learn More About Neonatal CareA pediatric audiologist does the full hearing test by 3 months after a refer, and infectious disease specialists follow CMV.
Learn More About PediatricsThe ABR checks the hearing nerve and brainstem, finding a nerve problem that an ear-only screen can miss.
Learn More About Children's NeuroscienceA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common,...
Learn More About Birth defects and congenital anomaliesWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help...
Learn More About Prematurity-Related Developmental DelayAn opening in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth, or both, that forms before birth. Feeding takes special care at first,...
Learn More About Cleft lip and palateA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesA few drops of blood from your baby's heel, collected on a paper card a day or two after birth and checked by the state...
Learn More About Newborn Metabolic and Genetic Screening (Heel Stick)Holding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our pediatricians see newborns across Central Florida, from the first checkup after the hospital.
Find a PediatricianA quick hearing screen in which a soft probe rests in your baby's ear and listens for the faint echo a healthy inner ear makes. It is painless and often done during sleep. If it does not pass, the team rescreens, sometimes with a second kind of test, and arranges a full hearing test if needed.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
A nurse or screener slips a small, soft tip into your baby's ear, the room goes still for a minute or two, and then the other ear. For most families nothing more follows, and the word on the discharge papers is "pass." For some, the word is "refer," often on day one or two, when a newborn's ear canals can still hold fluid from the birth. Hospitals screen every baby, and a refer starts a short, well-marked path of next steps.
You may hear it called the OAE or the newborn hearing test. The inner ear answers sound with a tiny echo of its own, much as a canyon wall sends back a shout: when the wall is there and the air is still, the echo comes back clearly. A blocked canal or a noisy room can muffle it.
A soft probe in the ear canal plays soft sounds, and a tiny microphone in the same probe listens for the echo the inner ear sends back. An echo in the expected range is a pass for that ear.
The OAE checks the ear as far as the inner ear. Its sibling, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) screen, follows sound further along the hearing nerve. Both are screens: they sort out which babies need a full hearing test, and neither one diagnoses hearing loss. It is one of the screens of the first days, like newborn metabolic and genetic screening. The condition both screens look for is congenital hearing loss.
Florida asks that every baby born in a hospital have a hearing screen before going home. A baby can look and act like any other newborn while hearing loss is there. Finding it in the first weeks gives a baby the best start on language.
The probe needs a clear ear canal, a still baby and a low-noise room. Screening right after a feed, when your baby is drowsy, often goes fastest. Your part is to let the screener know when your baby has just fallen asleep.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]The screener chooses a soft tip that fits your baby's ear and rests the probe just inside the opening of the canal. The machine plays a series of sounds and reads the echo, then the screener moves to the other ear. The whole screen usually takes minutes. Your baby may stay asleep in the bassinet or in your arms.
None to your baby's body. The tip is soft and the sounds are soft, and the screen should not cause pain or crying. The result can mislead in either direction for a while, which is what the follow-up below is for.
Pass in both ears. The inner ears answered the sounds on the day of the screen. Hearing can still change as a child grows, so keep noticing how your baby reacts to voices and sounds.
Refer in one or both ears. More testing is needed. Babies do not pass for many reasons, and on the first days that includes fluid or birth debris in the canal and a noisy room. A refer is a familiar result to newborn teams, and the rescreen is built into the plan for exactly that reason. The steps after a refer:
Most babies sleep through it. The tip is soft and rests at the opening of the ear canal.
When the OAE does not pass, many nurseries rescreen with the ABR, which follows sound along the hearing nerve. Babies who were in a NICU more than five days have the ABR in any case.
Usually before you leave. Florida's program gives most parents the result at the hospital, and your baby's doctor can see it too.
Ask the team your questions first; they will go through them with you. Florida law allows a parent to object, and you sign a written objection that stays in your baby's record. Let your baby's doctor know, so hearing can be checked later.
A passed or pending hearing screen says nothing about the rest of your baby's health in the first weeks. Call 911 for any of these:
Call your baby's doctor the same day for poor feeding or fewer wet diapers than usual. When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see.
Trained screeners do it in the nursery at every Orlando Health hospital that delivers babies, and the result goes to your baby's doctor.
Nursery and NICU teams screen every newborn's ears with a soft probe before going home.
Learn More About Neonatal CareA pediatric audiologist does the full hearing test by 3 months if the OAE rescreen still does not pass.
Learn More About PediatricsDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common,...
Learn More About Birth defects and congenital anomaliesAn opening in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth, or both, that forms before birth. Feeding takes special care at first,...
Learn More About Cleft lip and palateA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A few drops of blood from your baby's heel, collected on a paper card a day or two after birth and checked by the state...
Learn More About Newborn Metabolic and Genetic Screening (Heel Stick)A planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our pediatricians see newborns across Central Florida, from the first checkup after the hospital.
Find a PediatricianA few drops of blood from your baby's heel, collected on a paper card a day or two after birth and checked by the state laboratory for dozens of rare conditions that can be treated before signs appear. Results take a few days and are usually normal. An out-of-range result means a second test, and often that test is normal too.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The nurse calls it "the newborn screen," and it can blur into the first days: a heel prick, a card with printed circles, then nothing more for days. Then comes the first doctor visit, or now and then a phone call that a result needs another look. Our newborn teams in Central Florida draw this screen for nearly every baby, and the waiting and what a call means are what catch many families off guard.
Some people still call it the PKU test, after the first condition it found. Today it looks for many more, which is why Florida's program calls that name out of date. The screen works like a smoke detector: it can sound before anyone smells smoke, it sometimes sounds when nothing is burning, and when it sounds, someone always checks.
A nurse pricks your baby's heel and collects a few drops of blood on a special paper card. Once dry, the card goes to the state public health laboratory in Jacksonville, which checks it for rare conditions a baby can have while looking perfectly healthy.
Three heel sticks, three jobs. In the first days your baby may have more than one heel prick, and they are different tests:
Florida's newborn screening has two more parts, both painless: the hearing screen, done either as an otoacoustic emissions test or an auditory brainstem response test, and an oxygen check for heart problems (Critical congenital heart defect screening). Before going home, a baby may also have a car seat tolerance screening.
Each condition on the card is rare, and many can be treated if they are found before signs appear. For some, early treatment may be lifesaving. Florida law asks that every baby born in the state have the sample collected before one week of age.
What it looks for. The Florida Department of Health sets the list. It screens for 37 core conditions and may pick up 23 more, 60 in all, across inherited, hormone, blood, immune and metabolic conditions, most of them on the national recommended panel. Examples the national sources name include phenylketonuria (PKU), congenital hypothyroidism, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, galactosemia and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID); some programs add spinal muscular atrophy.
Check that your address, phone number and your baby's doctor are correct on the screening form, since that is how a result finds you. You can also make the prick easier: holding your baby skin to skin or breastfeeding during it is linked to less distress, and a snug wrap or a pacifier dipped in sugar water may help. See kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care and sucrose for newborn procedures (Sucrose analgesia for newborn procedures).
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]The nurse warms and cleans your baby's heel, makes a quick prick on the side of it, and touches a few printed circles on the card to the drops of blood. A small bandage goes on. It takes a few minutes, and most babies cry briefly. The card dries for a few hours before it travels to the laboratory.
A moment of pain and sometimes a small bruise. The heel heals without a scar.
The other risks are about the result. A screen can be out of range in a baby who turns out to be well, which means anxious days until the second test. And no screen catches everything, so a baby who seems unwell is seen by a doctor whatever the screen said.
When results arrive. In a few days, to the hospital and to your baby's doctor. Most parents hear nothing, because most results are normal; ask your baby's doctor for the result at the first visit.
An out-of-range result. It is a screening result and does not mean your baby has the condition. Your baby's doctor or Florida's Newborn Screening Follow-Up Program will contact you and arrange a second, more exact test, sometimes with a specialty center. In many cases that test is normal. See newborn screening follow-up testing.
Move quickly on the call. For some conditions, timing matters, so the follow-up test is often scheduled within days. Keep that appointment even if your baby seems well.
If a condition is confirmed, the specialist team for that condition explains it and starts care, often while your baby still looks completely well.
Usually because your baby went home before 24 hours old, and Florida's rule asks for a second sample by day 5 in that case. A transfusion, an early birth or a serious illness can also make a first sample unclear.
Usually. Results go to the hospital and your baby's doctor, and families are contacted when a result needs another look. Ask for the result at your baby's first checkup so you know for sure.
No. Most of the conditions are inherited, and most of the screen measures substances in the blood that point to them. It is a screen for a set list, and a doctor orders genetic testing separately when a child needs it.
Ask the team your questions first, and they will go through them with you as many times as you need. Florida law lets a parent object in a written statement, and the screen is then not done. Your baby's doctor will want to know.
No. Call 911 for any of these:
Call your baby's doctor the same day if your baby is feeding poorly, vomiting again and again, or sleepier than usual. When you cannot tell which list you are in, call and describe what you see.
The sample is collected in the nursery at every Orlando Health hospital that delivers babies and in Orlando Health NICUs in Central Florida, by the nurses caring for your baby, and the card goes to the state laboratory.
Nurses collect the heel-stick card in the nursery or NICU, and the state laboratory checks it for rare treatable conditions.
Learn More About Neonatal CareA pediatrician gets the screen result and arranges any second test, with a lung specialist if cystic fibrosis shows.
Learn More About PediatricsThe sample is taken at a delivering hospital, and a baby who goes home before 24 hours old needs a second sample by day 5.
Learn More About Pregnancy and BirthA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common,...
Learn More About Birth defects and congenital anomaliesA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our Pregnancy and Birth teams can talk you through your baby's first hours, and our pediatricians take over from the first checkup.
Plan Your Birth With UsA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye with a light and a lens. It repeats every week or few weeks until the blood vessels there finish growing, so the rare case that needs treatment is found in time. It is uncomfortable for a few minutes.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
Somewhere in the second month of a NICU stay, a nurse mentions that the eye doctor is coming tomorrow and puts drops in your baby's eyes. Many parents wonder whether the team has seen a problem. Our neonatal teams arrange this exam for every baby born early enough or small enough to need it, as a matter of routine.
The drops work like drawing back the curtains on a window. With the curtains open, the eye doctor can see across the whole room to the far walls, which is where retinopathy of prematurity begins.
You may hear it called the ROP exam, ROP screening or the retinopathy of prematurity screening exam. Most babies have several. What the series looks like for your baby depends on how early your baby was born and what each exam shows.
The retina is the thin layer at the back of the eye that senses light. Its blood vessels grow outward from the center and finish around the due date. A baby born early has vessels that are still growing, and in some babies they grow in an unusual way, called retinopathy of prematurity, or ROP.
ROP causes no pain, and a baby with it looks the same to you. Only an eye doctor looking inside the eye can find it. The exam is done by a pediatric ophthalmologist, an eye doctor experienced with newborns, using a light worn on the head and a small hand-held lens. Some programs also take photographs of the retina for an eye doctor to read.
To find ROP early. Most ROP is mild and goes away by itself. A small number of babies develop the kind that can pull the retina away from the back of the eye, and treating it on time protects sight.
To follow it over weeks. ROP develops gradually, so a single look is not enough. The exam repeats on a schedule until your baby's eyes are past the risk.
To find the point for treatment. At a set point of stage, zone and plus disease, the eye doctor recommends treatment within days, usually laser treatment or an anti-VEGF injection.
Following the American Academy of Pediatrics, babies born at 30 weeks of pregnancy or earlier, or weighing less than 1,500 grams (3 pounds 5 ounces) at birth, have the exam. Some larger babies born after 30 weeks have it too, when their NICU course has been especially hard.
That covers most babies with prematurity born at 30 weeks or earlier, every baby with extremely low birth weight, and the smallest babies with low birth weight. Babies who needed a lot of oxygen or had a harder course, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, are more likely to develop ROP.
There is little for you to do. About an hour before, the nurse puts dilating drops in each eye, often more than once. A numbing drop may go in just before the exam. Some units plan feeds around the exam, because the drops can upset a small baby's digestion for a day.
If you would like to be there, ask the nurse when the eye doctor is expected, and ask what pain care your baby will get.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]Many babies cry and grimace during the exam. Heart rate rises and oxygen can dip for a moment, and the monitors show both; most babies are back to their usual numbers within a minute or two of the end. A cuddle, including skin-to-skin care, or a feed afterward helps. Some babies stay fussy for a few hours.
The exam uses no needle and no radiation. Its risks are short-lived: discomfort during and for some hours after, brief changes in heart rate and oxygen, and, from the drops, a slower heart rate or a fuller belly and smaller feeds the next day in some babies. The team watches for each.
After each exam, the eye doctor records three things for each eye, using the international system on the retinopathy of prematurity page:
Here is what a report may say:
When the exams stop. They stop when the vessels have grown far enough toward the edge, or when any ROP has gone away and your baby is old enough that it is unlikely to come back. After an injection, they go on longer, because ROP can return weeks or months later. The eye doctor tells you when your baby is finished.
No. Every baby in the group above has it on a schedule, whether or not anyone is worried. Most babies examined never need treatment.
It is uncomfortable, and many babies cry, mostly from the drops and the lid holder. The team uses pain care that lowers the distress, and most babies recover within minutes, with some fussiness after.
Units differ, so ask the nurse. In one study, parents who watched the exam were no more anxious afterward than parents who did not, and the authors advised asking each parent what they prefer. You can also hold and feed your baby before and after.
It varies. The first usually comes 4 to 9 weeks after birth, later for the earliest babies, and exams repeat every one to three weeks until they stop. Some babies have two or three; some have many more.
The exams continue at the eye doctor's clinic, and the date of the next one should be set before you leave. Delays matter, because ROP can change in a week or two and gives no outward signs. Every baby born early also needs regular eye checkups as they grow, see the pediatric eye exam page.
After the NICU, the developmental assessment for NICU graduates and going home from the NICU pages cover the next steps, and prematurity-related developmental delay explains why babies born early are followed closely for years.
Call 911 for any newborn emergency:
The neonatology team sets the schedule, and a pediatric ophthalmologist does the exam at the bedside in the NICU and, after discharge, in the eye clinic. Across the communities we serve in Central Florida, babies in Orlando Health NICUs have this exam before they go home when they meet the criteria.
After your baby leaves the NICU, the eye doctor's exams continue on their own schedule, and the NICU Development Clinic follows growth and development, including how your baby uses their eyes.
Neonatologists set the schedule of ROP eye exams for each baby born early or small and follow every result.
Learn More About Neonatal CarePediatric eye doctors dilate each eye and examine the retina, and check the eyes again after your baby goes home.
Learn More About PediatricsAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help...
Learn More About Prematurity-Related Developmental DelayDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common,...
Learn More About Birth defects and congenital anomaliesThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our teams see NICU graduates through the first years. Ask your baby's NICU team which visits your baby needs.
About NICU Follow-Up VisitsA treatment for retinopathy of prematurity that has reached the point where it could harm sight. While your baby is asleep under anesthesia or deep sedation, an eye doctor uses a laser through the pupil to treat the outer edge of the retina, so the unusual blood vessels stop growing. It takes about an hour and has been used for decades.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The exams have been routine for weeks, and then one day the eye doctor says the ROP has reached the point for treatment and recommends laser. Most parents have never pictured a laser anywhere near a baby's eye, and the news comes with a decision to make within days. Our neonatal teams and the eye doctors who treat NICU babies walk parents through it every month.
The outer edge of the retina, where blood vessels have not reached yet, acts like a radio station playing one message on a loop: grow. The unusual vessels are answering it. The laser switches the station off by treating that outer edge, and the unusual growth fades.
You may hear it called ROP laser therapy, laser surgery or laser photocoagulation. What it means for your baby depends on where the ROP is in the eye and how your baby is doing, and the eye doctor will talk that through with you.
In retinopathy of prematurity, the blood vessels of the retina, the light-sensing layer at the back of the eye, grow in an unusual way. The outer part of the retina that the vessels have not reached yet sends out the signal driving that growth.
Laser treatment places many tiny spots of laser light on that outer retina, through the widened pupil, from a headset the eye doctor wears. The treated area stops sending the signal, and over the following weeks the unusual vessels fade. The spots are permanent, and the treated edge of the retina does not grow vessels afterward.
Laser has been the standard treatment for ROP for decades and is still the most common one. The other option is an anti-VEGF injection, medicine placed inside the eye.
As the first treatment. For ROP that has reached the treatment point, usually within three days of the exam that finds it.
After an injection. Laser is sometimes used when ROP comes back or does not fade after an injection, or later, for outer retina that never grew vessels after one. When that later laser helps, and for whom, is still being studied.
A second session. Some babies need more laser if the ROP does not fade.
To stop ROP before it can pull the retina away from the back of the eye, which can take sight. Treating at the right point, and on time, protects vision.
A baby whose retinopathy of prematurity eye exam shows ROP at a set point of stage, zone and plus disease. Most babies with ROP never reach it.
Both are in use, and the choice depends mostly on where the ROP lies in the eye and on your baby. The eye doctor will weigh these with you:
Your baby's plan is individual, made with you by the eye doctor and the NICU team.
The eye doctor explains why treatment is needed and the options, and asks your permission. The NICU team prepares your baby for anesthesia or sedation, which can include pausing feeds and checking the blood count. Dilating drops go in the eyes beforehand. Ask when the treatment is planned and where you can wait.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]Your baby is asleep under general anesthesia or deep sedation, with the breathing support that needs, so your baby does not feel the laser. A small speculum holds the eyelids open. The eye doctor wears the laser headset, looks through a hand lens and treats the outer retina of each eye in turn. Both eyes are usually treated in one session of about an hour.
Your baby returns to the NICU bed and is watched closely while the medicines wear off, including for pauses in breathing; some babies need a breathing tube or more breathing support for a time, see mechanical ventilation. The eyelids may look puffy and the eyes red for a few days. Ask the nurse when you can hold and feed your baby.
The unusual vessels fade over days to weeks. The eye doctor examines your baby again soon after to check that the ROP is fading, then on a schedule until it has gone.
Effects of anesthesia or sedation. Pauses in breathing, a need for more breathing support, a slower heart rate or low blood pressure, which the team watches for and treats.
ROP that does not fade, or comes back. Some babies need more laser or an injection.
Retinal detachment despite treatment. Even with timely treatment, ROP sometimes keeps worsening and the retina pulls away. A retina surgeon may then operate.
Nearsightedness, sometimes strong, which is why glasses are common later.
Some loss of side vision where the outer retina was treated.
Less common: bleeding inside the eye, a cloudy lens (cataract) or raised pressure in the eye (glaucoma), sometimes years later.
For most babies, the unusual vessels fade after laser, and treating at the right time lowers the chance of the retina detaching. The eye exams continue until the ROP has gone.
Children born early and treated for ROP are more likely to need glasses, to have eyes that do not line up (strabismus) or a lazy eye (amblyopia), and they need a pediatric ophthalmologist through childhood, with retina checks into adult life. See the pediatric eye exam page, the eyeglasses prescription page and the amblyopia patching therapy page. A strabismus surgery page is also planned.
The developmental assessment for NICU graduates follows how your child is growing and learning alongside their vision.
Most babies treated on time keep useful sight, and many see well, often with glasses. Some have lasting vision problems even with good care, and the eye doctor follows them closely.
Your baby is under anesthesia or deep sedation during the laser and does not feel it. Afterward the eyes can be sore and puffy for a few days, and the team treats pain.
It usually comes down to where the ROP is, your baby's health, and how the follow-up exams would work for your family. Ask what tipped the choice for your baby.
Parents usually wait outside during the treatment and come back once their baby is back in the NICU bed. Ask the team where to wait and when you can hold your baby.
Call your baby's eye doctor the same day for an eye that turns red, swollen or puffy, has discharge or seems to hurt more than expected; a pupil that looks white or cloudy; eyes that shake; or a missed eye exam.
Call 911 for any newborn emergency:
A pediatric ophthalmologist, an eye doctor for children, performs the laser, working with the anesthesia and neonatology teams. It can be done at the bedside in the NICU with portable equipment or in an operating room.
After treatment, the NICU Development Clinic follows your child's growth and development through the early years.
Neonatologists and anesthesia teams care for your baby through ROP laser treatment and watch breathing as sedation wears off.
Learn More About Neonatal CareA pediatric eye doctor places the laser spots on the outer retina and follows your child's eyes for years afterward.
Learn More About PediatricsAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common,...
Learn More About Birth defects and congenital anomaliesA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamMedicine for retinopathy of prematurity that has grown serious enough to threaten sight. An eye doctor places a tiny dose of...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Anti-VEGF InjectionThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our teams see NICU graduates through the first years. Ask your baby's NICU team which visits your baby needs.
About NICU Follow-Up VisitsMedicine for retinopathy of prematurity that has grown serious enough to threaten sight. An eye doctor places a tiny dose of medicine inside the eye to stop the unusual blood vessels from growing. It takes minutes. Because the ROP can return weeks or months later, the eye exams go on longer afterward, often well past going home.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
When the eye doctor recommends an injection, most parents hear two words that do not belong together: needle and eye. Some have read that the same medicines treat eye disease in older adults and wonder why a baby would need one. Our neonatal teams and the eye doctors who treat NICU babies hear these questions and take the time to answer them.
The medicine works like a catcher's mitt for the signal that drives the unusual vessels: it catches the signal inside the eye before the vessels can answer it. Over the following weeks the medicine wears off, which is why the eye doctor keeps checking.
You may hear it called anti-VEGF treatment, an intravitreal injection, ROP injection therapy, or by a medicine's name. What it means for your baby depends on where the ROP is in the eye and how your baby is doing.
In retinopathy of prematurity, the outer part of the retina that the blood vessels have not reached yet sends out a growth signal called VEGF, short for vascular endothelial growth factor, and the vessels answer it by growing in an unusual way.
An anti-VEGF medicine blocks that signal. The eye doctor places a tiny dose inside the eye, into the clear gel that fills it. The unusual vessels fade, and because the retina itself is left untreated, the normal vessels can keep growing toward the edge.
Eye doctors have used these injections for ROP for well over a decade. The other option is laser treatment, the longer-used one.
By medicine. Three are used for ROP. Aflibercept is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for it. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab have been studied in trials and are used by eye doctors as well. They differ in how long they last in the eye and in the blood.
Once, or again. Most eyes need one injection. Some need a second if the ROP comes back.
With laser. An injection can follow laser that did not work, and laser can follow an injection.
To stop ROP before it can pull the retina away from the back of the eye, which can take sight, while leaving the outer retina free to keep growing vessels.
A baby with ROP that has reached the treatment point on the retinopathy of prematurity eye exam, judged by its stage, its zone and whether plus disease is present. Only a small share of babies with ROP get there. If scar tissue has already formed inside the eye, the eye doctor may choose differently, because an injection can make scar tissue tighten.
Both are in use, and the eye doctor will weigh them with you.
The decision is yours to make with the eye doctor and the NICU team, for your baby in particular.
Before asking for your consent, the eye doctor goes over what the exam found and both treatment options. Because the exams go on for months, it helps to think through, before you decide, how you will get to them after going home, and to tell the team if that will be hard. The nurse widens your baby's pupils with drops first.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]Your baby receives pain care and numbing eye drops, and some units add sedation. The eyelids and the surface of the eye are cleaned with an antiseptic, and a small speculum holds the lids open. The eye doctor places the injection with a very short, thin needle. Each eye takes a few minutes, and most babies have both eyes treated the same day.
Your baby goes back to the NICU bed. A small red spot may show where the needle went in. The eye doctor looks at the eyes again within days, to check that the ROP is fading.
The unusual vessels usually fade within days to weeks. Then the longer run of eye exams begins. It continues until at least 65 weeks postmenstrual age, which is your baby's weeks of pregnancy at birth plus the weeks since, or about six months after the due date. Most of the exams happen at the eye doctor's clinic after discharge, and each one counts, because ROP that returns gives no outward sign.
ROP that comes back, weeks or months later, needing another injection or laser. Missed exams are the danger, which is why the schedule matters.
Outer retina that never fully grows vessels. In some babies the vessels stop short of the edge. The eye doctor may treat that area with laser later and checks it as your child grows.
Eye problems from the injection, uncommon: inflammation, bleeding in the eye, a cloudy lens, raised eye pressure, and, rarely, an infection inside the eye or a retinal detachment.
Retinal detachment despite treatment. In some eyes the ROP worsens despite treatment on time, and surgery by a retina specialist becomes the next step.
The rest of the body. Some of the medicine reaches the bloodstream, and whether that affects development over the long run is still being studied. Reviews of the research so far, including every randomized trial, mostly find no difference in development between babies treated with injections and babies treated with laser, while a few studies have found differences. Babies who are sicker more often receive injections, which makes the studies hard to read. Ask the eye doctor what is known about the medicine planned for your baby.
For most babies, the unusual vessels fade after an injection, and the normal vessels go on growing toward the edge of the retina. In trials, children treated with injections had less severe nearsightedness than children treated with laser.
Every child born early and treated for ROP needs a pediatric ophthalmologist through childhood, for glasses, eyes that do not line up and lazy eye, and retina checks into adult life. See the pediatric eye exam page and the eyeglasses prescription page.
Before you leave the NICU, the going home from the NICU page covers booking the next eye exam, and the developmental assessment for NICU graduates follows your child's growth and learning alongside their vision.
The team numbs the eye and gives pain care, and some units add sedation, so the few minutes of the injection are as easy on your baby as the team can make them. Ask what your baby will receive; sucrose analgesia for newborn procedures has its own page.
Usually because of where the ROP lies in the eye, how fast it is growing, or how your baby is doing overall. The eye doctor can tell you which of these mattered for your baby.
The medicines belong to the same family, used here at a dose and for a purpose set for babies with ROP, and one is approved for this use.
Until at least 65 weeks postmenstrual age, about six months after your baby's due date, and longer if the eye doctor needs to. The eye doctor sets each date.
Call your baby's eye doctor the same day for an eye that turns red, swollen or puffy, has discharge or seems to hurt more than expected; a pupil that looks white or cloudy; eyes that shake; or an eye exam that was missed.
Call 911 for any newborn emergency:
A pediatric ophthalmologist, an eye doctor for children, gives the injection, working with the neonatology team, and follows your baby in the eye clinic after discharge.
After your baby goes home, the NICU Development Clinic follows growth and development through the early years, alongside the eye clinic.
Neonatologists support your baby through the ROP injection and keep the longer run of eye exams on the calendar.
Learn More About Neonatal CareA pediatric eye doctor places the anti-VEGF dose inside the eye and follows the ROP in clinic well after discharge.
Learn More About PediatricsAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common,...
Learn More About Birth defects and congenital anomaliesA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamA treatment for retinopathy of prematurity that has reached the point where it could harm sight. While your baby is asleep...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Laser TreatmentThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our teams see NICU graduates through the first years. Ask your baby's NICU team which visits your baby needs.
About NICU Follow-Up VisitsA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU and measured against your baby's corrected age. It finds anything that needs help while it is small, so help can start early, and tells you plainly where your baby stands.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
The discharge papers are signed, and among them is an appointment months away with a name you have not heard before. Parents often ask us whether that visit means the team expects a problem. It means the team wants to be there early if one appears. Babies who needed intensive care are more likely than other babies to need a little help with growth or development in the first years, and help works best when it starts early.
You may hear it called NICU follow-up, high-risk infant follow-up, or simply the Bayley, after the test many programs use. Think of it as the regular checkup you would give a young tree in a new garden: you measure it against how trees of that age grow, look closely at the branches, and stake or feed it early if one side needs support.
What the visits look like for your child depends on how early your baby was born, what happened in the NICU, and what the team sees as your child grows.
It is a planned check, at set ages through the first years, of how your child is growing, moving, using the hands, communicating and solving problems. The team compares what your child can do with what is expected for your child's corrected age.
Corrected age counts from your baby's due date. Take your baby's age in weeks since birth and subtract the weeks your baby was born early. A baby born at 32 weeks was born 8 weeks early, so at 4 months old that baby is expected to do what a 2-month-old does. Corrected age is used for development through the first two years.
Early movement checks, in the first months. Some follow-up programs look closely at how a young baby moves, using a structured exam of tone and reflexes or a short video of the baby's own movements. These can show the early signs of cerebral palsy before 6 months of corrected age, so therapy can start sooner.
A standardized developmental test. A test many programs use is the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, now in its fourth edition. It scores thinking, language and movement skills against children of the same age, and follow-up programs often give it at around 18 to 24 months of corrected age. Ask which test your child will have.
Alongside your pediatrician's checks. Your pediatrician keeps watching development at every checkup and gives every child a short screening questionnaire at 9, 18 and 30 months. That screening has its own page. The NICU follow-up assessment adds a fuller look by a team.
To find a delay while it is small and start help early, and to tell you plainly when your child is on track. Some conditions, such as cerebral palsy, can now be recognized before 6 months of corrected age, when the brain is growing fastest and therapy can do the most.
Follow-up programs choose babies by their own criteria, and they vary. Common reasons include being born very early or very small, a brain injury or bleed, encephalopathy at birth, or a stroke around birth. Babies leaving an Orlando Health NICU are referred to the NICU Development Clinic as part of discharge. Babies who had a congenital infection, or who were born with a birth defect, may be followed for development too.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]Your child plays, and the team watches. To a toddler, the tasks look like games: stacking blocks, finding a hidden toy, pointing to pictures, reaching, holding themselves upright, crawling or walking. The team measures movement, hand skills, language and problem solving against what is expected at that age.
At the Development Clinic, a nurse practitioner and physical, occupational and speech therapists assess your child in a single appointment, with one set of findings. Growth is checked too. You stay with your child throughout.
There is no physical risk. The assessment is watching and play.
A child who is tired, hungry, unwell or shy with new people may not show everything they can do on the day, and the team takes that into account or may plan another look.
The team talks through the results with you at the visit. Most visits end with reassurance. When something is found, you hear it plainly, with a plan, and therapy or a referral starts then. The findings go to your pediatrician, who stays at the center of your child's care.
A score is one reading on one day. It is one piece of the picture, read beside what you see at home and repeated as your child grows, because young children change quickly and a single test cannot predict school-age learning on its own.
If a delay is found, help may include physical therapy (Physical therapy, neonatal), occupational therapy, feeding and swallowing therapy, or early intervention services, and sometimes a visit with a child development doctor. A finding may be named as prematurity-related developmental delay, global developmental delay or cerebral palsy, each with its own page.
No. Babies who were in the NICU are followed because help works best when it starts early, and most visits end with reassurance.
A baby born early had less time to grow before birth. Counting from the due date compares your baby fairly with babies who were born at term.
Compare your baby with the corrected age, which is what the team uses. If you still have a concern, raise it with your pediatrician or at the next visit, without waiting.
No. Your pediatrician stays at the center of your child's care and receives the findings.
Once your baby is home, call 911 for any of these:
For any other worry, call your baby's doctor or the care team; the Prematurity page lists more signs.
The NICU Development Clinic at Orlando Health Children's Arnold Palmer Hospital, where a nurse practitioner and a team of therapists see children after the NICU at set points through the first years. See the NICU Development Clinic care team page.
If your baby was in a NICU somewhere else, ask your pediatrician for a referral to the Development Clinic, or call the clinic.
Neonatal teams refer NICU graduates to follow-up visits that check movement, language and learning against corrected age.
Learn More About Neonatal CareDevelopmental pediatricians, pediatric therapists and pediatric eye doctors work with your pediatrician on the findings.
Learn More About PediatricsWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help...
Learn More About Prematurity-Related Developmental DelayA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityDifferences in how a part of the body formed before birth, found on a pregnancy scan, at birth or later. They are common,...
Learn More About Birth defects and congenital anomaliesA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature,...
Learn More About Going Home From the NICUA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)A treatment for retinopathy of prematurity that has reached the point where it could harm sight. While your baby is asleep...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Laser TreatmentMedicine for retinopathy of prematurity that has grown serious enough to threaten sight. An eye doctor places a tiny dose of...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Anti-VEGF InjectionHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareWritten with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our teams see NICU graduates through the first years. Ask your baby's NICU team which visits your baby needs.
About NICU Follow-Up VisitsThe planning and teaching that bring your baby from the NICU to home. Your baby is ready when breathing, body temperature, feeding and weight gain are on track, the last checks are finished, you feel able to care for your baby, and the first visits with your pediatrician and follow-up teams are booked.
A page shows zero, one or two buttons, each reasoned from the moment its reader is in. Leads go where a real decision exists (planning a birth, a diagnosis in pregnancy, a failed screen, a follow-up specialist, a pediatrician for a healthy newborn). A page read by a parent whose baby is in a NICU now offers the page's own help and the support every NICU family gets, never a sales button. No button anywhere asks anyone to choose a NICU.
Decided 2026-10-20
Labels, closing bands and the line page's opening are factual, with no warmth words and no severity words. A page a healthy newborn's parent reads (jaundice, a glucose check, a hearing screen) never leads with the NICU or closes on a NICU band; nursery care has its own closing.
Decided 2026-10-20
Related services render as the Services tab of the designer's tabs module, as he drew them: six cards on a line page, each one service line on the ruled list, never two specialties under one name, each with one sentence on how that line joins a newborn's care.
Decided 2026-10-20
Every page uses Lufga, loaded from orlandohealth.com, at 400, 500 and 700 only. Headings 700, the hero paragraph 500, body and buttons 400.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-20
Pills are about 2.4 times their label tall, regular weight, with no border on solid pills; the two hero pills are equal width across the paragraph, each led by an ink icon chosen from its label. The facility hero's pills carry no icon.
Decided 2026-10-20
A library page's breadcrumbs follow its address (Home, Health Library, Conditions, the page), because one condition page serves every line that treats it. The way back to the line comes from two other places: the first card in the page's Services tab is the line itself, always; and a visitor who arrived from a line, unit, team or program page also sees a Back link at the right of the crumb bar, naming that page.
Sources
Decided 2026-10-21
For weeks the answer to "when?" has been "soon." Then a nurse mentions the car seat, a date appears on the whiteboard, and with the good news comes a new worry: how will we manage without the monitors and the team down the hall? Parents in our NICUs ask us this every week. Going home is planned with you from early in the stay, so that by the day itself you have practiced most of what home will ask.
You will also hear it called discharge. Think of a first solo drive after months of lessons: the instructor has watched you take every turn, the route home is mapped, and the number to call is in your pocket.
What going home looks like depends on your baby. Some babies leave with ordinary newborn care; others go home with oxygen, a feeding tube or medicines, and their families are trained on each before they leave.
Discharge planning starts soon after your baby is admitted. The team watches for your baby to be ready, teaches you the care your baby needs, finishes the last checks, and sets up the care that follows. There is no single weight or date that decides it. The team looks at your baby, at your family's readiness, and at the help in place at home, and plans each baby's discharge individually.
By goal: a baby who is ready, a family who feels ready, the last checks complete, follow-up in place, and a plan for warning signs.
By condition. Every NICU stay ends in a discharge. The planning has the most to cover for babies with prematurity, extremely low birth weight or low birth weight, apnea of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, short bowel syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity and anemia of prematurity.
Family care guides for three of these explain the first weeks at home in more detail: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and short bowel syndrome. A baby born with a congenital heart defect has a discharge plan shaped by the heart team's instructions.
These are the things that usually need to be true before your baby goes home.
[Brief description of the resource]
[Resource Download/Access][Optional Secondary CTA]The last days. Spend as much time at the bedside as you can, doing the care yourself while nurses are close. Some NICUs have a room where parents stay with their baby the night before going home. Ask whether yours does.
The follow-up is booked. Choose your baby's pediatrician before discharge; the team sends a written summary of the NICU stay. Expect the first visit within a few days. Other visits may include eye, lung or other specialists, and the developmental assessment for NICU graduates, at Orlando Health with the NICU Development Clinic. A baby born early is followed for prematurity-related developmental delay in those visits.
Discharge day. Written instructions, prescriptions, and the appointment list. Ask: how to tell your baby is eating, sleeping and gaining enough, what medicines to give, and when to call.
The first weeks. Premature babies feed more often and take a while to adjust to being at home. Accept offers of help and keep visitors with colds away.
This is the list to keep on the refrigerator.
If you cannot tell which list fits, call and describe what you see. If it looks like the first list and you cannot reach anyone, call 911.
Planning that involves families throughout the stay helps parents feel ready and lowers the chance of going back into the hospital. It also means the checks, the teaching and the follow-up are finished before the first night home, with the first appointment already on the calendar.
Many babies go home a few weeks before their due date, once breathing, temperature, feeding and weight are on track.
There is no single discharge weight. Your car seat's lowest weight limit matters, though, so check it against your baby's weight early.
Say so. Your readiness is part of the plan, and the team can add teaching, practice or a night rooming in where available.
Most babies do not. Your baby's team decides whether any equipment goes home and trains you on it first; see apnea monitoring.
Your baby's pediatrician, who becomes your baby's main doctor. Ask the team before discharge which numbers to use for which questions.
Discharge from Orlando Health NICUs in Central Florida is planned by each baby's neonatal team with the family.
Two Orlando Health teams stay with many families after discharge. The NICU Development Clinic follows growth and development at set points through the first years. The Breastfeeding Education Center has certified lactation consultants who help a parent feed with their milk. If you have more milk than your baby needs, the Milk Depot is a drop-off where it can be donated to a nonprofit milk bank.
Neonatal teams plan discharge with you early, finishing last checks and teaching care before the first night home.
Learn More About Neonatal CareYour pediatrician takes over as your baby's main doctor, and pediatric lung and blood specialists may join the follow-up.
Learn More About PediatricsA baby who weighs less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth has low birth weight, whether because of an early birth, slower...
Learn More About Low birth weightAn eye condition of babies born early, in which the blood vessels at the back of the eye grow in an unusual way. Most of it...
Learn More About Retinopathy of prematurityA baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is premature, or preterm. Some arrive a few weeks early and need a little help;...
Learn More About PrematurityA birth weight under 1,000 grams, about 2 pounds 3 ounces, most often in a baby born many weeks early. These babies are...
Learn More About Extremely low birth weightWhen a child born early reaches skills like rolling, talking or playing later than expected for their corrected age. Help...
Learn More About Prematurity-Related Developmental DelayA difference in how the heart or its large blood vessels formed before birth. It is the most common birth difference, and it...
Learn More About Congenital heart defectA routine eye check for babies born early or small. Drops widen the pupils, then an eye doctor looks at the back of each eye...
Learn More About Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye ExamA planned look at how your baby is moving, communicating, playing and learning, done by a team at set ages after the NICU...
Learn More About Developmental Assessment for NICU GraduatesHolding your baby in just a diaper against your bare chest, skin to skin, for an hour or more at a time. In the NICU it is...
Learn More About Kangaroo (Skin-to-Skin) CareHands-on help with feeding your baby your own milk: latch and positioning at the breast, and, when your baby is in the NICU,...
Learn More About Lactation Support, NewbornA check before your baby goes home. Your baby is buckled in your own car seat for about as long as the ride home, or longer,...
Learn More About Car Seat Tolerance ScreeningA painless hearing screen done while your baby sleeps, using soft earphones and small sticky sensors on the head. It checks...
Learn More About Newborn Hearing Screening (Auditory Brainstem Response Test)Written with the Orlando Health neonatal care teams.
Our teams see NICU graduates through the first years. Ask your baby's NICU team which visits your baby needs.
About NICU Follow-Up Visits